Consuming local: The new obsidian source of Ideloo (Northwestern Iran) and first evidence of use by neighbouring prehistoric communities

• Published in: Geoarchaeology Vol. 36; no. 2; pp. 266 - 282
• Main Authors: Orange, Marie, Abedi, Akbar, Le Bourdonnec, François‐Xavier, Vosough, Bahram, Ebrahimi, Ghader, Razani, Mehdi, Marro, Catherine
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Hoboken Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01-03-2021; Wiley
• Subjects: Archaeological sites; Archaeology and Prehistory; Bronze Age; Chalcolithic; Earth Sciences; Exploitation; Geochemistry; Historic buildings & sites; Humanities and Social Sciences; lithic economy; Local communities; local exploitation; Northwestern Iran; obsidian; Polls & surveys; Raw materials; Sciences of the Universe; Iran; obsidian; local exploitation; Chalcolithic; lithic economy; Bronze Age; Northwestern Iran
• ISSN: 0883-6353; 1520-6548
• DOI: 10.1002/gea.21829

This paper reports the results of a recent geological and archaeological survey conducted in the Sarab district (Sabalan area) in Northwestern Iran. This survey aimed to identify potential obsidian outcrops in the region and to investigate archaeological sites in the vicinity to assess their obsidian exploitation patterns. We located a new obsidian source, Ideloo, and surveyed the previously known archaeological sites of Tepe Qalehjoogh, Kultepe Asbfrooshan, Tepe Emam Chay and Qaleh Tepe Abarghan. Here, we describe the methods and results of our surveys, along with the geochemical characterisation, using portable XRF and LA‐ICP‐MS, of both the new outcrop and the obsidian artefacts found on the sites. Our analyses have revealed the consumption of Ideloo obsidian on three of the four sites surveyed, confirming its exploitation by local communities. While validating previous assumptions regarding the existence of potential obsidian sources in Northwestern Iran, our study also highlights the consumption of raw materials originating from the Caucasus or Eastern Anatolia in complement to local resources. However, the diffusion of the Ideloo obsidian seems so far restricted to a small area, which suggests more complex consumption and trade patterns than previously expected.
This paper reports the results of a recent geological and archaeological survey conducted in the Sarab district (Sabalan area, Northwestern Iran), which identified a new obsidian outcrop (Ideloo) and investigated archaeological sites in the vicinity to assess their obsidian exploitation patterns. Here, we describe the methods and results of our surveys, along with the geochemical characterisation (portable XRF and LA‐ICP‐MS) of both the new outcrop and the obsidian artefacts found on the sites (Tepe Qalehjoogh, Kultepe Asbfrooshan, Tepe Emam Chay and Qaleh Tepe Abarghan). While validating previous assumptions regarding the existence of potential obsidian sources in Northwestern Iran, our study also highlights the consumption of raw materials originating from the Caucasus or Eastern Anatolia in complement to local resources.