Relationship between dietary patterns and prediabetes, undiagnosed or diagnosed diabetes mellitus among adults in Qingdao: A cross-sectional study

• Published in: Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition Vol. 31; no. 4; pp. 660 - 673
• Main Authors: Luo, Guoqiang, Li, Xiaojing, Zhao, Xia, He, Lili, Lv, Xiaojing, Feng, Enqiang, Cui, Nan, Cui, Jing, Sun, Yongye, Sun, Jianping
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Clayton, Vic HEC Press 01-12-2022
• Subjects: Adult; Blood pressure; Cholesterol; Cohort analysis; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes; Diabetes Mellitus - diagnosis; Diabetes Mellitus - epidemiology; Diet; Evaluation; Food; Glucose; Health care; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hypertension; Meat; Poultry; Prediabetic state; Prediabetic State - diagnosis; Prediabetic State - epidemiology; Prevention; Questionnaires; Risk Factors; Seafood; Vegetables; China; Chinese; diabetes mellitus; dietary pattern; prediabetes
• ISSN: 0964-7058; 1440-6047
• DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.202212_31(4).0009

Background and Objectives: To identify the main dietary patterns of adults and investigate the cross-sectional associations of these dietary patterns with prediabetes and undiagnosed or diagnosed diabetes mellitus (DM) in Qingdao, China. Methods and Study Design: This study included 4,457 participants who were administered the semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Dietary patterns were identified through principal component analysis (PCA). Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the associations of each pattern with the risks of prediabetes and undiagnosed or diagnosed DM. Results: PCA revealed two major dietary patterns. The Fruits–Vegetables and Poultry–Seafood patterns were not significantly associated with the risk of prediabetes in either crude or adjusted models (all p＞0.05). The highest quartile of the Fruits–Vegetables pattern was significantly associated with decreased risks of undiagnosed DM (crude: OR=0.55, 95% CI: 0.41–0.72; Model 1: OR=0.61, 95% CI: 0.46–0.81; Model 2: OR=0.57, 95% CI: 0.42–0.77; Model 3: OR=0.56, 95% CI: 0.41–0.76) and diagnosed DM (crude: OR=0.51, 95% Cl: 0.34–0.75; Model 1: OR=0.59, 95% CI: 0.39–0.88; Model 2: OR=0.60, 95% CI: 0.39–0.93; Model 3: OR=0.59, 95% CI: 0.38–0.91) compared with the lowest quartile in crude and adjusted models. The Poultry–Seafood pattern was not significantly associated with the risk of undiagnosed or diagnosed DM in crude or adjusted models (all p＞0.05). Conclusions: The Fruits–Vegetables pattern was associated with a decreased risk of undiagnosed or diagnosed DM.