Effects of sample disturbance on the stress-induced microfracturing characteristics of brittle rock

• Published in: Canadian geotechnical journal Vol. 36; no. 2; pp. 239 - 250
• Main Authors: Eberhardt, E, Stead, D, Stimpson, B
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Ottawa, Canada NRC Research Press 25-09-1999; National Research Council of Canada; Canadian Science Publishing NRC Research Press
• Subjects: Earth sciences; Earth, ocean, space; Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics; Engineering geology; Exact sciences and technology; Rock mechanics; Stress (Engineering); Canada; Lac du Bonnet; Manitoba; Western Canada; strain; fissures; stress; SEM data; P-waves; S-waves; igneous rocks; velocity; North America; rigidity; in situ; mechanical properties; rupture; drill cores; grain size; brittle materials; microfractures; propagation; granites; plutonic rocks; acoustical methods; compression; laboratory studies
• ISSN: 0008-3674; 1208-6010
• DOI: 10.1139/t98-109

The effects of sampling disturbance on the laboratory-derived mechanical properties of brittle rock were measured on cored samples of Lac du Bonnet granite taken from three different in situ stress domains at the Underground Research Laboratory of Atomic Energy of Canada Limited. A variety of independent measurements and scanning electron microscope observations demonstrate that stress-induced sampling disturbance increased with increasing in situ stresses. The degree of damage was reflected in laboratory measurements of acoustic velocity and elastic stiffness. Examination of the stress-induced microfracturing characteristics during uniaxial compression of the samples revealed that the degree of sampling disturbance had only minor effects on the stress levels at which new cracks were generated (i.e., the crack initiation stress threshold). Crack-coalescence and crack-damage thresholds, on the other hand, significantly decreased with increased sampling disturbance. The presence of numerous stress-relief cracks in the samples retrieved from the highest in situ stress domains was seen to weaken the rock by providing an increased number of planes of weakness for active cracks to propagate along. A 36% strength decrease was seen in samples retrieved from the highest in situ stress domain (sigma
1
- sigma
3
approximate 40 MPa) as compared with those taken from the lowest in situ stress domain (sigma
1
- sigma
3
approximate 10 MPa).Key words: sample disturbance, brittle fracture, crack initiation, crack propagation, material properties, rock failure.