Les textiles archéologiques romains découverts en contexte nautique et portuaire : les cas de Rezé/Ratiatum (Loire-Atlantique) et de Lyon/Lugdunum (Rhône)
The planned excavations carried out between 2013 and 2016 in the port and commercial district of Saint-Lupien in Rezé (Loire-Atlantique) have brought to light a set of textile remains with specific technical characteristics. They were discovered in burial conditions that allowed the textiles to reta...
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Published in: | Gallia Vol. 77; no. 1; pp. 187 - 211 |
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Main Authors: | , |
Format: | Journal Article |
Language: | French |
Published: |
CNRS Éditions
30-12-2020
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Subjects: | |
Online Access: | Get full text |
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Summary: | The planned excavations carried out between 2013 and 2016 in the port and commercial district of Saint-Lupien in Rezé (Loire-Atlantique) have brought to light a set of textile remains with specific technical characteristics. They were discovered in burial conditions that allowed the textiles to retain information enabling them to be restored to their last state of use. The parallel with other archaeological discoveries made in a similar environment offers an essential contribution to the knowledge of the artisanal environment of Roman ports. The Rezean collection of poisoned fabrics has thus made it possible to highlight the presence of unctores (caulkers) or, at the very least, sailors or workers mastering the caulking technique. Put into perspective with other collections of poissed textiles, such as those used for waterproofing boats, Rezean fabrics have provided new data. The corpus of comparison includes textiles discovered in two types of specific contexts. A first group includes the discoveries made on the site of the Bourse in Marseille (Bouches-du-Rhône), the Petit-Creusot in Chalon-sur-Saône (Saône-et-Loire) and the Rhône in Arles (Bouches-du-Rhône). A second group comes from the textiles used for the waterproofing of Gallo-Roman shipping, with wrecks from the Rhône in Lyon-Saint-Georges (Rhône) and Arles (Bouches-du-Rhône). All these textiles have the same specificity, that of being reused. Putting them into perspective has made it possible to restore them to their original state of use and to demonstrate their careful manufacture. The recycling of these fabrics in a port context provides an unprecedented contribution to the production and use of textiles in the 1st c. AD and, more generally, in the High Empire. They reveal the gestures of craftsmen, jobs specific to a corporation and, more generally, allow us to better assess the place of textiles in the naval world of the Roman period.
Les fouilles programmées conduites entre 2013 et 2016 dans le quartier portuaire et commercial de Saint-Lupien à Rezé (Loire-Atlantique) ont permis de mettre au jour un ensemble de restes de textiles aux caractéristiques techniques spécifiques. Leur étude a incité à les comparer aux étoffes découvertes en France ces dernières décennies dans des contextes similaires ou en lien avec des épaves, révélant ainsi des similitudes jusqu’alors non identifiées. La collection provenant du port de Rezé permet ainsi, pour la première fois, d’identifier un fragment d’une voile de bateau qui remet en question les interprétations proposées ces dernières décennies quant à l’origine première des textiles de remploi utilisés dans la batellerie. Un corpus de textiles découverts dans des ports ou utilisés pour l’étanchéification des bateaux gallo-romains a en outre été établi en complément, certains ayant récemment été restaurés avec divers protocoles innovants permettant d’exploiter au mieux leur contenu informatif. |
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ISSN: | 0016-4119 2109-9588 |
DOI: | 10.4000/gallia.5513 |