Estimated time of grain ripening of different arabica coffee cultivars for the Sao Paulo State, Brazil/Epoca provavel de maturacao para diferentes cultivares de cafe arabica para o Estado de Sao Paulo

The successful development of the coffee crop in the State of Sao Paulo depends on the knowledge especially of climatic conditions that affect the plant phenology, that affect the productivity and the quality of crop production. The thermal factor influences the duration of fruiting and ripening sta...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Ciência rural Vol. 42; no. 4; p. 594
Main Authors: Bardin-Camparotto, Ludmila, de Camargo, Marcelo Bento Paes, de Moraes, Jener Fernando Leite
Format: Journal Article
Language:Spanish
Published: Universidade Federal de Santa Maria 01-04-2012
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Summary:The successful development of the coffee crop in the State of Sao Paulo depends on the knowledge especially of climatic conditions that affect the plant phenology, that affect the productivity and the quality of crop production. The thermal factor influences the duration of fruiting and ripening stages. In regions with higher altitudes and milder air temperatures, the maturation of the coffee beans will happen more slowly. The objective was to generate maps of the probable time of ripening of three different cultivars based on accumulation of growing degree-days (GDD) for the Sao Paulo State. The maps can identify regions with different potential for quality coffee beverage. The monthly values of GDD were accrued, using the GIS. The maturation dates were estimated when the thermal sums of GDD were reached for each of the three cultivars, 'Mundo Novo', 'Catuai' e 'Obata'. In the center-western region of the state due the low altitudes, below 600m, and the high temperatures, making the coffee grain ripening stage shorter for all the three cultivars. In the northeastern region of the state (Alta Mogiana) with altitudes more than 800m, ripening occurs after May. This climatic characteristics allow to obtain coffee beverage with superior quality. Key words: degree-day, GIS, maps, coffee crop. O sucesso da cafeicultura Paulista depende do conhecimento das condicoes climaticas que afetam a fenologia da planta, alterando a produtividade e a qualidade da producao. O fator termico influi na duracao da frutificacao e na epoca de maturacao, ou seja, em regioes mais elevadas, com temperaturas mais amenas, a maturacao ocorre mais lentamente. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi gerar mapas de epoca provavel de maturacao de tres diferentes cultivares de cafe arabica, baseados no acumulo de graus-dia (GD), para o Estado de Sao Paulo, visando identificar regioes com diferentes potenciais para a qualidade de bebida, alem de possibilitar a coleta de sementes antecipadamente, visando a formacao de mudas para o inicio do periodo chuvoso. Os valores de GD foram acumulados a partir da data de floracao por meio de SIG (sistemas de informacoes geograficas) ate atingirem o total necessario de GD para as cultivares 'Mundo Novo', 'Catuai' e 'Obata'. A regiao centro oeste, devido a baixas altitudes (inferiores a 600m) e com elevadas temperaturas, apresentou o ciclo mais curto para as tres cultivares, antecipando a maturacao. Na regiao nordeste do Estado (Alta Mogiana), com altitudes superiores a 800m, a maturacao ocorreu em periodos posteriores a maio, favorecendo a obtencao de bebidas de cafe com qualidade superior. Palavras-chave: graus-dia, SIG, mapa, cafeicultura.
ISSN:0103-8478