Questioning the concept of risk in ethical guidelines for research in the humanities and social sciences in public health/Problematizando o conceito de risco em diretrizes eticas para pesquisas em ciencias humanas e sociais na saude coletiva

This article discusses the use of the concept of risk in ethical guidelines directed to research in the humanities and social sciences (CHS), suggesting an alternative to that concept. In Public Health field (PH), risk assumes a peculiar semantics, closely linked to the idea of calculation and predi...

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Published in:Ciência & saude coletiva Vol. 20; no. 9; p. 2675
Main Author: Magalhaes Bosi, Maria Lucia
Format: Journal Article
Language:Portuguese
Published: Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva - ABRASCO 01-09-2015
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Summary:This article discusses the use of the concept of risk in ethical guidelines directed to research in the humanities and social sciences (CHS), suggesting an alternative to that concept. In Public Health field (PH), risk assumes a peculiar semantics, closely linked to the idea of calculation and predictability, according to the disciplinary bases that support it. This circumstance makes incongruous its use in initiatives justified precisely by strong distinctions between biomedical and social research, as ilustrated by specific guidelines for CHS, especially to the qualitative approach. The authors do not seek to redefine risk, operating a conceptual transit, but to sustain an effective conceptual distance within these specific guidelines, keeping congruence with the objectives pursued by its construction. Taking risk in the quantitative sense, still hegemonic in PH, overlooks important dimensions, reifying the use of this concept in situations where uncertainty, unpredictability, intersubjectivity inherent to the processes beyond the calculation and measurement, as in the case of a significant portion of the research in CHS. Alternatively, it is suggested to replace the expression level of risk, as also appears in Brazilian resolutions. Key words Ethical, Health research, Public health Este artigo problematiza o emprego do conceito de risco em diretrizes eticas direcionadas as pesquisas em ciencias humanas e sociais (CHS) em saude (coletiva), notadamente, aquelas orientadas pelo enfoque qualitativo. Na Saude Coletiva (SC), risco assume uma semantica peculiar, vinculada a calculos e previsibilidade, consoante as bases disciplinares que o sustentam. Tal circunstancia torna incongruente o seu uso em construcoes justificadas pelas distincoes entre as modalidades de pesquisa biomedica e compreensiva, como no caso de diretrizes especificas para CHS. Nao se trata de redefinir risco, de modo a demarca-lo mantendo o significante, mas, antes, de sustentar um efetivo distanciamento do uso desse conceito no ambito dessas diretrizes, possibilitando, no plano discursivo, um ajuste semantico congruente com sua construcao. Utilizar risco em diretrizes eticas na SC significa ativar a acepcao quantitativa, hegemonica nesse campo, reificando o conceito e negligenciando dimensoes fundamentais em situacoes onde a incerteza e a imprevisibilidade inerentes aos processos escapam ao calculo e a mensuracao, como no caso de parcela expressiva das pesquisas em CHS. Como alternativa, sustenta-se a substituicao de nivel de risco, como figura nas resolucoes brasileiras, ilustrando-a, a titulo de exercicio, com outra terminologia. Palavras-chave Etica, Pesquisa em saude, Saude
ISSN:1413-8123
DOI:10.1590/1413-81232015209.11392015