Maternal risk factors associated with major birth defects, Puerto Padre 2018-2020

• Published in: Revista electrónica "Dr. Zoilo E. Marinello Vidaurreta" Vol. 47; no. 4; p. e3164
• Main Authors: Carmen Rosa Batista-Almaguer, José Ramón Martínez-Pérez, Yenny Ferrás-Fernández, Milvia Castillo-Guerrero
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: Spanish
• Published: Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Las Tunas 01-08-2022
• Subjects: anomalías congénitas; factores de riesgo; prevalencia
• ISSN: 1029-3027

Background: congenital anomalies are the second leading cause of infant mortality in the country. To quickly identify the risk factors associated with them must contribute to reduce its prevalence and the resulting mortality. Objectives: to determine the maternal risk factors associated with major congenital anomalies identified in the municipality of Puerto Padre, Las Tunas, during the period 2018-2020. Methods: an observational, analytical, case-control study was carried out with a sample of 55 registered congenital anomalies (cases) and 110 without defects (controls), at the aforementioned health district and period of time. The following variables were analyzed: prevalence of congenital anomalies, types and affected systems, extreme maternal age, maternal and family history of congenital anomalies, spontaneous abortion and previous fetal death, consanguinity, non-intake of preconception folic acid, maternal obesity, chronic and infectious maternal diseases, medication intake, toxic habits, hyperthermia and exposure to environmental toxins during pregnancy. The information was gathered from the Cuban registers of congenital malformations. Results: a high prevalence of congenital anomalies was found; the factors that showed an association with the defects were: previous spontaneous abortions (X2=7,0047 p=0,0081 OR=10,9), non-intake of preconception folic acid (X2=11,1375 p=0,0008 OR=4,49), family history of genetic disease (X2=4,7596 p=0,0291 OR=4,37), toxic habits (X2=10,5061 p=0,0011 OR=3,63), medication intake (X2=8,3192 p=0,0039 OR=2,83) and maternal chronic diseases (X2=5,8581 p=0,0155 OR=2,42). Conclusions: the risk factors associated with congenital anomalies in pregnant women from Puerto Padre during the period 2018-2020 were determined.