Caracterización de comunidades bacterianas establecidas en un reactor biológico fijo para el tratamiento de efluentes domésticos

• Published in: Nova scientia Vol. 15; no. 31
• Main Authors: Zúñiga Hernández, Erandy Mirell, Ramos López, Miguel Angel, Sandoval Cárdenas, Diana Issell, Rodríguez Morales, José Alberto, Amaro Reyes, Aldo, Arriaga Hurtado, Luis Gerardo, Ledesma García, Janet, Campos Guillén, Juan, Zavala Gómez, Carlos Eduardo
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: Spanish
• Published: 2023
• Subjects: activated sludge; biofilm; biomarker; fixed bed; means of support; microorganisms; neutralization; organic matter; PET; phylum; sewage; water treatment
• ISSN: 2007-0705; 2007-0705

Biological treatment is most used for domestic wastewater. The fixed-bed reactor is a biofilm of microorganisms capable of degrading organic matter, and is an efficient alternative compared to conventional systems, as it increases the contact surface between the microorganism and organic matter. The present work focuses on the adaptation, acclimatization, and use of activated sludge for the formation of a biofilm in a bioreactor for the treatment of domestic effluents with a PET support; It was proven that such material is feasible to be implemented as a means of support. The fixed bed system was kept in operation for 150 days, using domestic wastewater as a substrate, and evaluating the efficiency of the reactor by means of water quality parameters. Microbial diversity was assessed by 16S rRNA analysis. The removal efficiencies of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) were greater than 90% and neutralization of the effluent with alkaline characteristics was achieved. The treatment time was 4 h. We identified 11 corresponding bacterial phylums for biofilm and 8 in suspension, where the main bacterial groups were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. Treatment time was reduced by 50% compared to conventional systems. The identification of the Phylum allows us to better understand the complexity of bacterial structures in wastewater and how it intervenes in the efficiency of wastewater treatment processes.