Pain Assessment in INTensive care (PAINT): an observational study of physician‐documented pain assessment in 45 intensive care units in the United Kingdom
Summary Pain is a common and distressing symptom experienced by intensive care patients. Assessing pain in this environment is challenging, and published guidelines have been inconsistently implemented. The Pain Assessment in INTensive care (PAINT) study aimed to evaluate the frequency and type of p...
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| Published in: | Anaesthesia Vol. 72; no. 6; pp. 737 - 748 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
England
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01-06-2017
John Wiley and Sons Inc |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Summary
Pain is a common and distressing symptom experienced by intensive care patients. Assessing pain in this environment is challenging, and published guidelines have been inconsistently implemented. The Pain Assessment in INTensive care (PAINT) study aimed to evaluate the frequency and type of physician pain assessments with respect to published guidelines. This observational service evaluation considered all pain and analgesia‐related entries in patients’ records over a 24‐h period, in 45 adult intensive care units (ICUs) in London and the South‐East of England. Data were collected from 750 patients, reflecting the practice of 362 physicians. Nearly two‐thirds of patients (n = 475, 64.5%, 95%CI 60.9–67.8%) received no physician‐documented pain assessment during the 24‐h study period. Just under one‐third (n = 215, 28.6%, 95%CI 25.5–32.0%) received no nursing‐documented pain assessment, and over one‐fifth (n = 159, 21.2%, 95%CI 19.2–23.4)% received neither a doctor nor a nursing pain assessment. Two of the 45 ICUs used validated behavioural pain assessment tools. The likelihood of receiving a physician pain assessment was affected by the following factors: the number of nursing assessments performed; whether the patient was admitted as a surgical patient; the presence of tracheal tube or tracheostomy; and the length of stay in ICU. Physician‐documented pain assessments in the majority of participating ICUs were infrequent and did not utilise recommended behavioural pain assessment tools. Further research to identify factors influencing physician pain assessment behaviour in ICU, such as human factors or cultural attitudes, is urgently needed. |
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| AbstractList | Pain is a common and distressing symptom experienced by intensive care patients. Assessing pain in this environment is challenging, and published guidelines have been inconsistently implemented. The Pain Assessment in INTensive care (PAINT) study aimed to evaluate the frequency and type of physician pain assessments with respect to published guidelines. This observational service evaluation considered all pain and analgesia-related entries in patients' records over a 24-h period, in 45 adult intensive care units (ICUs) in London and the South-East of England. Data were collected from 750 patients, reflecting the practice of 362 physicians. Nearly two-thirds of patients (n = 475, 64.5%, 95%CI 60.9-67.8%) received no physician-documented pain assessment during the 24-h study period. Just under one-third (n = 215, 28.6%, 95%CI 25.5-32.0%) received no nursing-documented pain assessment, and over one-fifth (n = 159, 21.2%, 95%CI 19.2-23.4)% received neither a doctor nor a nursing pain assessment. Two of the 45 ICUs used validated behavioural pain assessment tools. The likelihood of receiving a physician pain assessment was affected by the following factors: the number of nursing assessments performed; whether the patient was admitted as a surgical patient; the presence of tracheal tube or tracheostomy; and the length of stay in ICU. Physician-documented pain assessments in the majority of participating ICUs were infrequent and did not utilise recommended behavioural pain assessment tools. Further research to identify factors influencing physician pain assessment behaviour in ICU, such as human factors or cultural attitudes, is urgently needed. Summary Pain is a common and distressing symptom experienced by intensive care patients. Assessing pain in this environment is challenging, and published guidelines have been inconsistently implemented. The Pain Assessment in INTensive care (PAINT) study aimed to evaluate the frequency and type of physician pain assessments with respect to published guidelines. This observational service evaluation considered all pain and analgesia‐related entries in patients’ records over a 24‐h period, in 45 adult intensive care units (ICUs) in London and the South‐East of England. Data were collected from 750 patients, reflecting the practice of 362 physicians. Nearly two‐thirds of patients (n = 475, 64.5%, 95%CI 60.9–67.8%) received no physician‐documented pain assessment during the 24‐h study period. Just under one‐third (n = 215, 28.6%, 95%CI 25.5–32.0%) received no nursing‐documented pain assessment, and over one‐fifth (n = 159, 21.2%, 95%CI 19.2–23.4)% received neither a doctor nor a nursing pain assessment. Two of the 45 ICUs used validated behavioural pain assessment tools. The likelihood of receiving a physician pain assessment was affected by the following factors: the number of nursing assessments performed; whether the patient was admitted as a surgical patient; the presence of tracheal tube or tracheostomy; and the length of stay in ICU. Physician‐documented pain assessments in the majority of participating ICUs were infrequent and did not utilise recommended behavioural pain assessment tools. Further research to identify factors influencing physician pain assessment behaviour in ICU, such as human factors or cultural attitudes, is urgently needed. Summary Pain is a common and distressing symptom experienced by intensive care patients. Assessing pain in this environment is challenging, and published guidelines have been inconsistently implemented. The Pain Assessment in INTensive care (PAINT) study aimed to evaluate the frequency and type of physician pain assessments with respect to published guidelines. This observational service evaluation considered all pain and analgesia-related entries in patients' records over a 24-h period, in 45 adult intensive care units (ICUs) in London and the South-East of England. Data were collected from 750 patients, reflecting the practice of 362 physicians. Nearly two-thirds of patients (n = 475, 64.5%, 95%CI 60.9-67.8%) received no physician-documented pain assessment during the 24-h study period. Just under one-third (n = 215, 28.6%, 95%CI 25.5-32.0%) received no nursing-documented pain assessment, and over one-fifth (n = 159, 21.2%, 95%CI 19.2-23.4)% received neither a doctor nor a nursing pain assessment. Two of the 45 ICUs used validated behavioural pain assessment tools. The likelihood of receiving a physician pain assessment was affected by the following factors: the number of nursing assessments performed; whether the patient was admitted as a surgical patient; the presence of tracheal tube or tracheostomy; and the length of stay in ICU. Physician-documented pain assessments in the majority of participating ICUs were infrequent and did not utilise recommended behavioural pain assessment tools. Further research to identify factors influencing physician pain assessment behaviour in ICU, such as human factors or cultural attitudes, is urgently needed. Pain is a common and distressing symptom experienced by intensive care patients. Assessing pain in this environment is challenging, and published guidelines have been inconsistently implemented. The Pain Assessment in INT ensive care ( PAINT ) study aimed to evaluate the frequency and type of physician pain assessments with respect to published guidelines. This observational service evaluation considered all pain and analgesia‐related entries in patients’ records over a 24‐h period, in 45 adult intensive care units ( ICU s) in London and the South‐East of England. Data were collected from 750 patients, reflecting the practice of 362 physicians. Nearly two‐thirds of patients (n = 475, 64.5%, 95%CI 60.9–67.8%) received no physician‐documented pain assessment during the 24‐h study period. Just under one‐third (n = 215, 28.6%, 95%CI 25.5–32.0%) received no nursing‐documented pain assessment, and over one‐fifth (n = 159, 21.2%, 95%CI 19.2–23.4)% received neither a doctor nor a nursing pain assessment. Two of the 45 ICU s used validated behavioural pain assessment tools. The likelihood of receiving a physician pain assessment was affected by the following factors: the number of nursing assessments performed; whether the patient was admitted as a surgical patient; the presence of tracheal tube or tracheostomy; and the length of stay in ICU . Physician‐documented pain assessments in the majority of participating ICU s were infrequent and did not utilise recommended behavioural pain assessment tools. Further research to identify factors influencing physician pain assessment behaviour in ICU, such as human factors or cultural attitudes, is urgently needed. |
| Author | Visram, Anil Young, Trudy Casely, Emma Panagoda, Prasan Doyle, Richard Christie, Linsey Kennedy, Charles Holler, Liesel Phillips, Sioned Rublotta, Francesca Anwar, Sibtain Cashell, Catherine Griffith, Megan Shenoy, Venkat Chapman, Rachel Brett, S. J. Johnston, Carolyn May, Rosie Hopkins, Phil Jhanji, Shaman Gray, Martin Laycock, Helen Fletcher, Kate Wagstaff, Duncan Barringer, Chris Davis‐Hall, Melanie Rich, Stephanie Dua, Kanika Sangam, Amy Carey, Ben Garnelo Ray, Vanessa Krishnachetty, Bobby Sidon, Lauren Eeles, Alex Silva, Samanthi Morkane, Clare Ong, Cheng Grover, Munita Bhagwat, Milind Husain, Naush Leigh, Alexander Arnold, Glenn Mendes, Fiona Ferrier, Victoria Martin, Daniel Sandru, Roxana Clancy, Olivia Williams, Hannah Thorburn, Patrick Howells, Lara Lee, Sindy Henriksson, Maria Parini, Alessandra McHugh, Barry Lewith, Henry Magee, David Al‐Sahaf, Hadi Hamilton, Kevin Bramall, Jon Keogh, Peter Kemp, Harriet Blunt, Nadia Ferns, Janis Barnes, Lucy Jaggar, Sian Tatham, Kate Kemp, H. I. Gupta, Aman Moghulm, Arif Odor, Peter Dickinson, Matt Collison, L |
| AuthorAffiliation | South-East Anaesthetic Research Chain, UK Pan-London Peri-operative Audit and Research Network, UK |
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| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28832908$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Contributor | Visram, Anil Young, Trudy Casely, Emma Panagoda, Prasan Doyle, Richard Christie, Linsey Phillips, Sioned Rublotta, Francesca Anwar, Sibtain Cashell, Catherine Griffith, Megan Chapman, Rachel Johnston, Carolyn May, Rosie Hopkins, Phil Jhanji, Shaman Gray, Martin Laycock, Helen Fletcher, Kate Wagstaff, Duncan Rich, Stephanie Dua, Kanika Sangam, Amy Carey, Ben Garnelo Ray, Vanessa Sidon, Lauren Eeles, Alex Morkane, Clare Ong, Cheng Grover, Munita Bhagwat, Milind Leigh, Alexander Arnold, Glenn Ferrier, Victoria Martin, Daniel Clancy, Olivia Williams, Hannah Howells, Lara Henriksson, Maria Parini, Alessandra McHugh, Barry Lewith, Henry Magee, David Hamilton, Kevin Bramall, Jon Kemp, Harriet Blunt, Nadia Jaggar, Sian Tatham, Kate Gupta, Aman Moghulm, Arif Odor, Peter Dickinson, Matt Collison, Lucy Nesbit, Finn Balla, Paul Siddique, Omar Highton, David Shukla, Bhavin Bampoe, Sohail Vizcaychipi, Marcella Mottaleb, Ramy Spiro, Michael Kooner, Gurleen O'Carroll, James Whitehead, Nicole Cousins, Jonathan Cartwright, Charles Bidd, Heena Kadry, Mirian De Silva, Saman |
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| Copyright | 2017 The Authors. Anaesthesia published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland. Copyright © 2017 The Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland |
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| License | Attribution 2017 The Authors. Anaesthesia published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
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| Notes | http://www.anaesthesiacorrespondence.com You can respond to this article at ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 ObjectType-Undefined-3 See Appendix 2 for the full list of named PLAN and SEARCH contributors and affiliated institutions. You can respond to this article at http://www.anaesthesiacorrespondence.com |
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| References | 2007; 107 2014; 70 2007; 106 2006; 34 2010; 148 1997; 25 2013; 41 2006; 15 2009; 111 2016; 122 2001; 29 2012; 56 1999 2013; 14 2004; 13 2010; 111 2016; 42 1975; 1 2016 2014; 9 1996; 24 2007; 23 2012; 21 2009; 37 2014; 189 2010; 8 |
| References_xml | – volume: 122 start-page: 2015 year: 2016 end-page: 7 article-title: How painful could it be? 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Pain is a common and distressing symptom experienced by intensive care patients. Assessing pain in this environment is challenging, and published... Pain is a common and distressing symptom experienced by intensive care patients. Assessing pain in this environment is challenging, and published guidelines... Summary Pain is a common and distressing symptom experienced by intensive care patients. Assessing pain in this environment is challenging, and published... |
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| SubjectTerms | Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Analgesia Assessments critical care Critical Care - methods Female Guidelines Hospitals Human behavior Human factors Humans Intensive care intensive care unit Intensive care units Intensive Care Units - statistics & numerical data Length of Stay Male Medical personnel Middle Aged Nurses Nursing Nursing - statistics & numerical data Nursing Assessment Observational studies Original Ostomy Pain pain assessment Pain Measurement - methods Pain Measurement - statistics & numerical data Pain perception pain terms Pain, Postoperative - diagnosis Pain, Postoperative - therapy Patients Physicians Physicians - statistics & numerical data Retrospective Studies Surgery Surgical instruments Tracheostomy United Kingdom Young Adult |
| Title | Pain Assessment in INTensive care (PAINT): an observational study of physician‐documented pain assessment in 45 intensive care units in the United Kingdom |
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