Role of CYP1A2 in the hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen : Investigations using Cyp1a2 null mice

Acetaminophen (APAP) is known to cause centrilobular hepatic necrosis under overdose conditions. This is thought to be mediated via the P450-generated reactive intermediate N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI). Initially, NAPQI is detoxified by conjugation with glutathione (GSH), but once GSH is de...

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Published in:Toxicology and applied pharmacology Vol. 153; no. 1; pp. 102 - 108
Main Authors: TONGE, R. P, KELLY, E. J, BRUSCHI, S. A, KALHORN, T, EATON, D. L, NEBERT, D. W, NELSON, S. D
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: San Diego, CA Elsevier 01-11-1998
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Abstract Acetaminophen (APAP) is known to cause centrilobular hepatic necrosis under overdose conditions. This is thought to be mediated via the P450-generated reactive intermediate N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI). Initially, NAPQI is detoxified by conjugation with glutathione (GSH), but once GSH is depleted, NAPQI reacts more extensively with hepatic proteins leading to hepatocellular damage. The P450 isoforms thought to be responsible for APAP hepatotoxicity in humans are CYP2E1, CYP1A2, and CYP3A4, and thus, we have investigated the effect of murine Cyp1a2 on APAP hepatotoxicity using Cyp1a2 knockout mice (Liang et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93, 1671-1676, 1996). Doses of 250 mg/kg were markedly hepatotoxic in these mice, and surprisingly, deaths only occurred in the knock-out and heterozygote mice over a 24-h period after dosing. Furthermore, there were no significant differences among survivors of any genotype in serum ALT concentrations, a well correlated indicator of APAP hepatotoxicity in mice. Finally, no differences were observed in the urinary metabolites excreted ove the 24-h period, including those derived from GSH conjugation of the major reactive metabolite NAPQI. Consistent with the effects on hepatotoxicity and metabolism, 2 h after hepatotoxic doses (500 mg/kg, i.p.) of APAP no significant differences were observed in total whole liver homogenate nonprotein thiol concentrations among the three genotypes even though hepatic thiols were decreased compared to control animals (> 90%). In addition, when the liver cytosol and microsome samples were examined by immunoblotting for the presence of APAP-protein adducts using a specific antiserum, there were no observable differences in either the intensity of staining or in the spectrum of adducts formed between APAP-dosed mice of any genotype. The cumulative data suggest that Cyp1a2 doses not play a significant role in APAP hepatotoxicity in these mice.
AbstractList Acetaminophen (APAP) is known to cause centrilobular hepatic necrosis under overdose conditions. This is thought to be mediated via the P450-generated reactive intermediate N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI). Initially, NAPQI is detoxified by conjugation with glutathione (GSH), but once GSH is depleted, NAPQI reacts more extensively with hepatic proteins leading to hepatocellular damage. The P450 isoforms thought to be responsible for APAP hepatotoxicity in humans are CYP2E1, CYP1A2, and CYP3A4, and thus, we have investigated the effect of murine Cyp1a2 on APAP hepatotoxicity using Cyp1a2 knockout mice (Liang et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA93, 1671-1676, 1996). Doses of 250 mg/kg were markedly hepatotoxic in these mice, and surprisingly, deaths only occurred in the knock-out and heterozygote mice over a 24-h period after dosing. Furthermore, there were no significant differences among survivors of any genotype in serum ALT concentrations, a well correlated indicator of APAP hepatotoxicity in mice. Finally, no differences were observed in the urinary metabolites excreted over the 24-h period, including those derived from GSH conjugation of the major reactive metabolite NAPQI. Consistent with the effects on hepatotoxicity and metabolism, 2 h after hepatotoxic doses (500 mg/kg, ip) of APAP no significant differences were observed in total whole liver homogenate nonprotein thiol concentrations among the three genotypes even though hepatic thiols were decreased compared to control animals (>90%). In addition, when the liver cytosol and microsome samples were examined by immunoblotting for the presence of APAP-protein adducts using a specific antiserum, there were no observable differences in either the intensity of staining or in the spectrum of adducts formed between APAP-dosed mice of any genotype. The cumulative data suggest that Cyp1a2 does not play a significant role in APAP hepatotoxicity in these mice. Copyright 1998 Academic Press.
Acetaminophen (APAP) is known to cause centrilobular hepatic necrosis under overdose conditions. This is thought to be mediated via the P450-generated reactive intermediate N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI). Initially, NAPQI is detoxified by conjugation with glutathione (GSH), but once GSH is depleted, NAPQI reacts more extensively with hepatic proteins leading to hepatocellular damage. The P450 isoforms thought to be responsible for APAP hepatotoxicity in humans are CYP2E1, CYP1A2, and CYP3A4, and thus, we have investigated the effect of murine Cyp1a2 on APAP hepatotoxicity using Cyp1a2 knockout mice (Liang et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93, 1671-1676, 1996). Doses of 250 mg/kg were markedly hepatotoxic in these mice, and surprisingly, deaths only occurred in the knock-out and heterozygote mice over a 24-h period after dosing. Furthermore, there were no significant differences among survivors of any genotype in serum ALT concentrations, a well correlated indicator of APAP hepatotoxicity in mice. Finally, no differences were observed in the urinary metabolites excreted ove the 24-h period, including those derived from GSH conjugation of the major reactive metabolite NAPQI. Consistent with the effects on hepatotoxicity and metabolism, 2 h after hepatotoxic doses (500 mg/kg, i.p.) of APAP no significant differences were observed in total whole liver homogenate nonprotein thiol concentrations among the three genotypes even though hepatic thiols were decreased compared to control animals (> 90%). In addition, when the liver cytosol and microsome samples were examined by immunoblotting for the presence of APAP-protein adducts using a specific antiserum, there were no observable differences in either the intensity of staining or in the spectrum of adducts formed between APAP-dosed mice of any genotype. The cumulative data suggest that Cyp1a2 doses not play a significant role in APAP hepatotoxicity in these mice.
Author KALHORN, T
NELSON, S. D
BRUSCHI, S. A
NEBERT, D. W
EATON, D. L
TONGE, R. P
KELLY, E. J
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Issue 1
Keywords Isozyme
Toxicity
Cytochrome P450
Liver
Rodentia
Silent allele
Vertebrata
Paracetamol
Mammalia
Analgesic
Mouse
Animal
Deletion
Digestive diseases
Mutation
Mechanism of action
Language English
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PublicationTitle Toxicology and applied pharmacology
PublicationTitleAlternate Toxicol Appl Pharmacol
PublicationYear 1998
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Snippet Acetaminophen (APAP) is known to cause centrilobular hepatic necrosis under overdose conditions. This is thought to be mediated via the P450-generated reactive...
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SubjectTerms Acetaminophen - analogs & derivatives
Acetaminophen - metabolism
Acetaminophen - toxicity
Acetaminophen - urine
Alanine Transaminase - blood
Analgesics, Non-Narcotic - metabolism
Analgesics, Non-Narcotic - toxicity
Animals
Biological and medical sciences
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury
Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 - deficiency
Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 - physiology
Drug toxicity and drugs side effects treatment
Liver - drug effects
Liver - enzymology
Liver Diseases - enzymology
Liver Diseases - metabolism
Male
Medical sciences
Mice
Mice, Knockout
Pharmacology. Drug treatments
Toxicity: digestive system
Title Role of CYP1A2 in the hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen : Investigations using Cyp1a2 null mice
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9875304
https://search.proquest.com/docview/18414400
Volume 153
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