Influence of health care providers on the development of Diabetes Complications. Long-term follow-up from the pittsburgh epidemiology of Diabetes Complications study

• Published in: Diabetes care Vol. 25; no. 9; pp. 1584 - 1590
• Main Authors: ZGIBOR, Janice C, SONGER, Thomas J, KELSEY, Sheryl F, DRASH, Allan L, ORCHARD, Trevor J
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Alexandria, VA American Diabetes Association 01-09-2002
• Subjects: Adult; Biological and medical sciences; Coronary Artery Disease - epidemiology; Coronary Artery Disease - therapy; Diabetes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - epidemiology; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - therapy; Diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance; Diabetic Nephropathies - epidemiology; Diabetic Nephropathies - therapy; Diabetic Neuropathies - epidemiology; Diabetic Neuropathies - therapy; Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases); Endocrinopathies; Female; Health care; Health participants; Humans; Incidence; Male; Management. Various non-drug treatments. Langerhans islet grafts; Medical sciences; Medicine - statistics & numerical data; Primary Health Care - statistics & numerical data; Prospective Studies; Public health. Hygiene; Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine; Risk Factors; Specialization; United States; North America; America; Endocrinopathy; Human; Immunopathology; Statistical analysis; General practitioner; Health staff; Autoimmune disease; Medical screening; Epidemiology; Long term; Incidence; Prevention; Follow up study; Insulin dependent diabetes; Complication; Occupational role; Child; Medical specialty; Comparative study; Public health
• ISSN: 0149-5992; 1935-5548
• DOI: 10.2337/diacare.25.9.1584

To quantify total diabetes care received (generalist or specialist) from diagnosis onward and its association with the incidence of diabetes complications in a representative cohort of patients with type 1 diabetes.
A total of 429 subjects from the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications Study, a prospective follow-up study of childhood-onset type 1 diabetic subjects first seen between 1986 and 1988 (mean age 28 years, mean duration 19 years), followed biennially for up to 10 years were studied. Specialist care was defined as care received from a board-certified endocrinologist, diabetologist, or diabetes clinic and quantified as the percent of diabetes duration spent in specialist care.
There was a significant trend for a higher incidence of neuropathy, overt nephropathy, and coronary artery disease with lower use of specialist care. Multivariate analyses controlling for diabetes duration, demographic characteristics, health care practices, and physiological risk factors demonstrated that higher past use of specialist care was found to be significantly protective against the development of overt nephropathy (risk ratio 0.43, 95% CI 0.21-0.88) and neuropathy (0.54, 0.35-0.83) and weakly protective against coronary artery disease (0.65, 0.37-1.1).
A higher proportion of diabetes duration spent in specialist care may result in delayed development of certain diabetes complications independent of other risk factors. This study thus supports the concept that the benefits of specialist care should be available to all patients with type 1 diabetes.