First-in-Humans Brain PET Imaging of the GluN2B-Containing N-methyl-d-aspartate Receptor with (R)-11C-Me-NB1

• Published in: The Journal of nuclear medicine (1978) Vol. 63; no. 6; pp. 936 - 941
• Main Authors: Rischka, Lucas, Vraka, Chrysoula, Pichler, Verena, Rasul, Sazan, Nics, Lukas, Gryglewski, Gregor, Handschuh, Patricia, Murgaš, Matej, Godbersen, Godber M, Silberbauer, Leo R, Unterholzner, Jakob, Wotawa, Christoph, Haider, Ahmed, Ahmed, Hazem, Schibli, Roger, Mindt, Thomas, Mitterhauser, Markus, Wadsak, Wolfgang, Hahn, Andreas, Lanzenberger, Rupert, Hacker, Marcus, Ametamey, Simon M
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Society of Nuclear Medicine 01-06-2022
• Subjects: Alzheimer's disease; Antidepressants; Brain; Brain mapping; Coefficient of variation; Correlation; Disease; Drug delivery; Drug development; Glutamic acid receptors; Health services; Ketamine; Medical imaging; Mental depression; Mental disorders; N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid receptors; Neurodegenerative diseases; Neuroimaging; Pathophysiology; Positron emission; Positron emission tomography; Rate constants; Receptors; Reliability analysis; Substantia grisea; Therapeutic targets; Tomography
• ISSN: 0161-5505; 1535-5667
• DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.121.262427

The N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) plays a crucial role in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease and in the treatment of major depression by fast-acting antidepressants such as ketamine. Given their broad implications, GluN2B-containing NMDARs have been of interest as diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Recently, (R)-11C-Me-NB1 was investigated preclinically and shown to be a promising radioligand for imaging GluN2B subunits. Here, we report on the performance characteristics of this radioligand in a first-in-humans PET study. Methods: Six healthy male subjects were scanned twice on a fully integrated PET/MR scanner with (R)-11C-Me-NB1 for 120 min. Brain uptake and tracer distribution over time were investigated by SUVs. Test–retest reliability was assessed with the absolute percentage difference and the coefficient of variation. Exploratory total volumes of distribution (VT) were computed using an arterial input function and the Logan plot as well as a constrained 2-tissue-compartment model with the ratio of rate constants between plasma and tissue compartments (K1/k2) coupled (2TCM). SUV was correlated with VT to investigate its potential as a surrogate marker of GluN2B expression. Results: High and heterogeneous radioligand uptake was observed across the entire gray matter with reversible kinetics within the scan time. SUV absolute percentage difference ranged from 6.9% to 8.5% and coefficient of variation from 4.9% to 6.0%, indicating a high test–retest reliability. A moderate correlation was found between SUV averaged from 70 to 90 min and VT using Logan plot (Spearman ρ = 0.44). Correlation between VT Logan and 2TCM was r = 0.76. Conclusion: The radioligand (R)-11C-Me-NB1 was highly effective in mapping GluN2B-enriched NMDARs in the human brain. With a heterogeneous uptake and a high test–retest reliability, this radioligand offers promise to deepen our understanding of the GluN2B-containing NMDAR in the pathophysiology and treatment of neuropsychiatric disease such as Alzheimer disease and major depression. Additionally, it could help in the selection of appropriate doses of GluN2B-targeting drugs.