Gut dysbiosis promotes M2 macrophage polarization and allergic airway inflammation via fungi-induced PGE

• Published in: Cell host & microbe Vol. 15; no. 1; p. 95
• Main Authors: Kim, Yun-Gi, Udayanga, Kankanam Gamage Sanath, Totsuka, Naoya, Weinberg, Jason B, Núñez, Gabriel, Shibuya, Akira
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States 15-01-2014
• Subjects: Adoptive Transfer; Ampicillin - adverse effects; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents - adverse effects; Aspirin - pharmacology; Candida - immunology; Candidiasis - immunology; Candidiasis - microbiology; Candidiasis - pathology; Cefoperazone - adverse effects; Celecoxib; Clindamycin - adverse effects; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors - pharmacology; Dinoprostone - antagonists & inhibitors; Dinoprostone - immunology; Dinoprostone - pharmacology; Dysbiosis - chemically induced; Dysbiosis - immunology; Dysbiosis - microbiology; Dysbiosis - pathology; Feces - microbiology; Gastrointestinal Tract - immunology; Gastrointestinal Tract - microbiology; Gastrointestinal Tract - pathology; Inflammation - immunology; Inflammation - microbiology; Inflammation - pathology; Lung - immunology; Lung - microbiology; Lung - pathology; Macrophage Activation - drug effects; Macrophages, Alveolar - drug effects; Macrophages, Alveolar - immunology; Macrophages, Alveolar - transplantation; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Pyrazoles - pharmacology; Sulfonamides - pharmacology
• ISSN: 1934-6069
• DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2013.12.010

Although imbalances in gut microbiota composition, or "dysbiosis," are associated with many diseases, the effects of gut dysbiosis on host systemic physiology are less well characterized. We report that gut dysbiosis induced by antibiotic (Abx) treatment promotes allergic airway inflammation by shifting macrophage polarization in the lung toward the alternatively activated M2 phenotype. Adoptive transfer of alveolar macrophages derived from Abx-treated mice was sufficient to increase allergic airway inflammation. Abx treatment resulted in the overgrowth of a commensal fungal Candida species in the gut and increased plasma concentrations of prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂), which induced M2 macrophage polarization in the lung. Suppression of PGE₂ synthesis by the cyclooxygenase inhibitors aspirin and celecoxib suppressed M2 macrophage polarization and decreased allergic airway inflammatory cell infiltration in Abx-treated mice. Thus, Abx treatment can cause overgrowth of particular fungal species in the gut and promote M2 macrophage activation at distant sites to influence systemic responses including allergic inflammation.