Meanings, risk perceptions, and prevention strategies for pregnant women since the emergence of the Zika virus in Brazil

• Published in: Cadernos de saúde pública Vol. 37; no. 2; p. e00145819
• Main Authors: Lima, Fernanda Macedo da Silva, Iriart, Jorge Alberto Bernstein
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: Portuguese
• Published: Brazil 2021
• Subjects: Brazil - epidemiology; Female; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Male; Perception; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious - prevention & control; Pregnant Women; Zika Virus; Zika Virus Infection - epidemiology; Zika Virus Infection - prevention & control; Brazil
• ISSN: 1678-4464
• DOI: 10.1590/0102-311X00145819

This study aimed to understand the meanings, risk perceptions, and strategies to prevent infection with the Zika virus developed by pregnant women with different socioeconomic conditions seen at public and private health services in the city of Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil, as well the contribution by their male partners in dealing with the risk of infection since the emergence of this virus in Brazil. A qualitative study was performed with 18 semi-structured interviews, nine each with pregnant women seen in the public and private health systems, respectively. The resulting data revealed insufficient knowledge in pregnant women concerning important aspects of Zika virus infection. The pregnant women's socioenvironmental situation was an important factor for risk perception and preventive strategies. Women interviewed in the public health system felt more vulnerable to the risk of infection than women interviewed in the private health system, with a major impact on their psychosocial well-being. According to the women, their partners placed huge demands on them to adopt preventive measures, but the male partners themselves failed to take the same precautions, e.g., ignoring the risk of sexual transmission of the Zika virus. In conclusion, three years since the outbreak reached Brazil, the Zika virus still has a major impact on the lives of pregnant women. It is crucial to strengthen health communications activities to guarantee the availability of information on the disease that responds adequately to the population's needs.