In vitro post-antibiotic effect of fluoroquinolones, macrolides, β-lactams, tetracyclines, vancomycin, clindamycin, linezolid, chloramphenicol, quinupristin/dalfopristin and rifampicin on Bacillus anthracis

• Published in: Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy Vol. 53; no. 4; pp. 609 - 615
• Main Authors: Athamna, A., Athamna, M., Medlej, B., Bast, D. J., Rubinstein, E.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford Oxford University Press 01-04-2004
• Subjects: Acetamides - pharmacology; anthrax; Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology; Antibiotics. Antiinfectious agents. Antiparasitic agents; Bacillus anthracis; Bacillus anthracis - drug effects; Bacillus anthracis - growth & development; beta-Lactams - pharmacology; Biological and medical sciences; Chloramphenicol - pharmacology; Clindamycin - pharmacology; Fluoroquinolones - pharmacology; Linezolid; Macrolides - pharmacology; Medical sciences; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Oxazolidinones - pharmacology; PAE; Pharmacology. Drug treatments; Rifampin - pharmacology; susceptibility; Tetracyclines - pharmacology; Vancomycin - pharmacology; Virginiamycin - pharmacology; Linezolid; Bacillus anthracis; Peptides; Clindamycin; Tetracycline derivatives; β-Lactams; Chloramphenicol; Quinupristin; Vancomycin; Bacillaceae; In vitro; Macrolide; Dalfopristin; Antibiotic; Fluoroquinolone derivatives; Rifampicin; Bacillales; Glycopeptide; Oxazolidinone derivative; Bacteria; Antibacterial agent; Postantibiotic effect
• ISSN: 0305-7453; 1460-2091
• DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkh130

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate in vitro the post-antibiotic effect (PAE) of 19 antibacterial agents against two strains of Bacillus anthracis (ST-1 and Sterne strains). Methods: PAE was determined by calculating the time required for the viable counts of antibiotic-exposed bacteria (at concentrations of 10× MIC and exposure for 2 h) at 37°C to increase by 1 log10 above the counts observed immediately after antibiotic removal compared with the corresponding time for controls not exposed to antibiotics. Results: The PAEs of the fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin and garenoxacin) were 2–5 h. The macrolide (erythromycin, clarithromycin and telithromycin) PAEs were 1–4 h, and that of clindamycin was 2 h. The PAEs induced by tetracycline and minocycline were 1–3 h. The PAEs induced by the β-lactams (penicillin G, amoxicillin and ceftriaxone), vancomycin, linezolid and chloramphenicol were 1–2 h. The PAE induced by rifampicin was 4–5 h. Quinupristin/dalfopristin had the longest PAE, lasting for 7–8 h. Conclusions: Our results indicate that the PAE is unrelated to the MIC but may be related to the rapidity of bacterial kill. These observations may bear importance on treatment regimens of human anthrax.