Dual Vibration and Magnetic Energy Harvesting With Bidomain LiNbO3-Based Composite

• Published in: IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control Vol. 67; no. 6; pp. 1219 - 1229
• Main Authors: Vidal, Joao V., Turutin, Andrei V., Kubasov, Ilya V., Kislyuk, Alexander M., Kiselev, Dmitry A., Malinkovich, Mikhail D., Parkhomenko, Yuriy N., Kobeleva, Svetlana P., Sobolev, Nikolai A., Kholkin, Andrei L.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York IEEE 01-06-2020; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: Amorphous magnetic materials; Bidomain single crystal; cantilever; Circuits; Crystals; dual energy harvesting; Electronic devices; Energy harvesting; lithium niobate; Lithium niobates; Magnetic materials; Magnetic resonance; magneto-mechano-electric (MME) composite; Magnetoelectric effects; Open circuit voltage; Optimization; Permanent magnets; Power management; Scavenging; Short circuit currents; Single crystals; Vibration measurement; Vibrations
• ISSN: 0885-3010; 1525-8955
• DOI: 10.1109/TUFFC.2020.2967842

With the recent thriving of low-power electronic microdevices and sensors, the development of components capable of scavenging environmental energy has become imperative. In this article, we studied bidomain congruent LiNbO 3 (LN) single crystals combined with magnetic materials for dual, mechanical, and magnetic energy harvesting applications. A simple magneto-mechano-electric composite cantilever, with a trilayered long-bar bidomain LN/spring-steel/metglas structure and a large tip proof permanent magnet, was fabricated. Its vibration and magnetic energy harvesting capabilities were tested while trying to optimize its resonant characteristics, load impedance, and tip proof mass. The vibration measurements yielded a peak open-circuit voltage of 2.42 kV/g, a short-circuit current of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">60.1~\mu \text{A} </tex-math></inline-formula>/g, and an average power of up to 35.6 mW/g 2 , corresponding to a power density of 6.9 mW/(cm<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">^{{3}}\cdot \text {g}^{{2}} </tex-math></inline-formula>), at a low resonance frequency of 29.22 Hz and with an optimal load of 40 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\text{M}\Omega </tex-math></inline-formula>. The magnetic response revealed a resonant peak open-circuit voltage of 90.9 V/Oe and an average power of up to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">49.9~\mu \text{W} </tex-math></inline-formula>/Oe 2 , corresponding to a relatively large magnetoelectric coefficient of 1.82 kV/(cm<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\cdot </tex-math></inline-formula>Oe) and a power density of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">9.7~\mu \text{W} </tex-math></inline-formula>/(cm<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">^{{3}}\cdot \text {Oe}^{{2}} </tex-math></inline-formula>). We thus developed a system that is, in principle, able to scavenge electrical power simultaneously from low-level ambient mechanical and magnetic sources to feed low-power electronic devices.