A fluorescence in situ hybridization map of 6q deletions in acute lymphocytic leukemia: Identification and analysis of a candidate tumor suppressor gene

• Published in: Cancer research (Chicago, Ill.) Vol. 64; no. 12; pp. 4089 - 4098
• Main Authors: SINCLAIR, Paul B, SOROUR, Amani, MARTINEAU, Mary, HARRISON, Christine J, MITCHELL, Wayne A, O'NEILL, Elena, FORONI, Letizia
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Philadelphia, PA American Association for Cancer Research 15-06-2004
• Subjects: Adolescent; Antineoplastic agents; Base Sequence; Biological and medical sciences; Child; Child, Preschool; Chromosome Deletion; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6 - genetics; DNA Mutational Analysis; Exons; Female; Genes, Tumor Suppressor; GluK2 Kainate Receptor; Hematopoietic System - metabolism; Hematopoietic System - physiology; Humans; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; Jurkat Cells; Leukemia, T-Cell - genetics; Loss of Heterozygosity; Male; Medical sciences; Molecular Sequence Data; Pharmacology. Drug treatments; Physical Chromosome Mapping; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma - genetics; Receptors, Kainic Acid - genetics; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Tumors; Genetic mapping; Cartography; Lymphoproliferative syndrome; Acute; Fluorescence in situ hybridization; Deletion; Malignant hemopathy; Candidate gene; Chromosome C6; Acute lymphocytic leukemia; Tumor suppressor gene
• ISSN: 0008-5472; 1538-7445
• DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-03-1871

With the objective of identifying candidate tumor suppressor genes, we used fluorescence in situ hybridization to map leukemia-related deletions of the long arm of chromosome 6 (6q). Twenty of 24 deletions overlapped to define a 4.8-Mb region of minimal deletion between markers D6S1510 and D6S1692 within chromosome 6 band q16. Using reverse transcription-PCR, we found evidence of expression in hematopoietic cells for 3 of 15 genes in the region (GRIK2, C6orf111, and CCNC). Comparison between our own and published deletion data singled out GRIK2 as the gene most frequently affected by deletions of 6q in acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). Sequence analysis of GRIK2 in 14 ALL cases carrying heterozygous 6q deletions revealed a constitutional and paternally inherited C to G substitution in exon 6 encoding for an amino acid change in one patient. The substitution was absent among 232 normal alleles tested, leaving open the possibility that heterozygous carriers of such mutations may be susceptible to ALL. Although low in all normal hematopoietic tissues, quantitative reverse transcription-PCR showed higher baseline GRIK2 expression in thymus and T cells than other lineages. Among T-cell ALL patients, 6q deletion was associated with a statistically significant reduction in GRIK2 expression (P = 0.0001). By contrast, elevated GRIK2 expression was measured in the myelomonocytic line THP-1 and in one patient with common ALL. Finally, we detected significant levels of GRIK2 expression in prostate, kidney, trachea, and lung, raising the possibility that this gene may be protective against multiple tumor types.