Forage production and quality of tropical forage legumes submitted to shading/Producao de forragem, caracteristicas estruturais e composicao quimica de leguminosas forrageiras tropicais submetidas ao sombreamento

Find shade-tolerant species is essential to the success of silvopastoral systems, increasingly frequent in recent years. In legumes, which have potential of biological nitrogen fixation, there is a great lack of knowledge when in shaded environments. The cultivation of four tropical forage (Neonoton...

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Published in:Ciência rural Vol. 49; no. 7
Main Authors: Lista, Fabio Nunes, Deminicis, Bruno Borges, de Carvalho Almeida, Joao Carlos, Araujo, Saulo Alberto do Carmo, Zandia, Pablo Giliard
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Universidade Federal de Santa Maria 01-07-2019
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Summary:Find shade-tolerant species is essential to the success of silvopastoral systems, increasingly frequent in recent years. In legumes, which have potential of biological nitrogen fixation, there is a great lack of knowledge when in shaded environments. The cultivation of four tropical forage (Neonotonia wightii, Pueraria phaseoloides, Macrotyloma axilare and Arachis pintoi) was evaluated when submitted to artificial shade levels (30, 50 and 70% shade) and in full sun during water and drought seasons. The design used was in randomized complete blocks in a sub-divided plot scheme with four replications. In the Water-season the Forage Peanuts had higher forage production in full sun (11 ton [ha.sup.-1] DM), and under shade did not differ from Perennial Soybean, higher than the others in all levels of shade. In Drought-season the forage production was 61% lower than in Water-season. The highest crude protein levels were reported in Forage Peanuts, Tropical Kudzu and Perennial Soybean, 19.0; 18.3 and 18.2% respectively in the Water-season. Forage Peanuts is a good option for use in silvopastoral systems although there is a small reduction in forage production (average of 23.7%). In general, species offabaceae showed a greater reduction in forage production in the period of water deficit; however, shading at levels of 30% to 50% contribute to mitigation of water shortage. Although, there is a small reduction in forage production, withexception of perennial soybeans in dry season, it is advisable to use tropical forage legumes in silvopastoral systems, since forage quality is not affected by shade. Key words: Fabaceae, forage production, chemical composition. Encontrar especies tolerantes ao sombreamento e essencial para o sucesso dos sistemas silvipastoris, cada vez mais frequentes nos ultimos anos. Em se tratando de leguminosas, que possuem potencial de fixacao biologica de nitrogenio, ha uma grande carencia de conhecimento em ambientes sombreados. Objetivou-se avaliar o cultivo de quatro leguminosas forrageiras tropicais (Neonotonia wightii, Pueraria phaseoloides, Macrotyloma axilare e Arachis pintoi) submetidas a diferentes niveis de sombreamento artificial (30, 50 e 70% de sombra) e em pleno sol durante as estacoes de agua e seca. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos completos casualizados, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repeticoes. Na estacao das aguas, o Amendoim Forrageiro teve maior producao de forragem a pleno sol (11 ton [ha.sup.-1] MS), e sob sombreamento nao diferiu da Soja perene, superiores as demais em todos os niveis de sombra. Na estacao de seca, as especies apresentaram producao de forragem 61% menor do que a estacao da agua. Os niveis mais altos de proteina bruta foram encontrados em Amendoim Forrageiro, Kudzu tropical e Soja Perene, 19,0; 18,3 e 18,2%, respectivamente, na estacao da agua. O Amendoim Forrageiro e uma boa opcao para uso em sistemas silvipastoris, embora haja uma pequena reducao na producao de forragem (media de 23,7%). Em geral, especies de Fabaceae apresentaram maior reducao na producao de forragem no periodo de deficit hidrico, porem o sombreamento em niveis de 30% a 50% contribuiram para a mitigacao da escassez hidrica. Embora haja uma pequena reducao na producao de forragem, com excecao da Soja Perene na estacao seca, e aconselhavel o uso dessas leguminosas forrageiras tropicais nos sistemas silvipastoris, uma vez que a qualidade da forragem e pouco afetada pela sombra. Palavras-chave: Fabaceae, producao de forragem, composicao bromatologica.
ISSN:0103-8478
DOI:10.1590/0103-8478cr20170726