High‐Resolution In‐Situ Synchrotron X‐Ray Studies of Inorganic Perovskite CsPbBr3: New Symmetry Assignments and Structural Phase Transitions

• Published in: Advanced science Vol. 8; no. 18; pp. e2003046 - n/a
• Main Authors: Liu, Sizhan, DeFilippo, Alexander R., Balasubramanian, Mahalingam, Liu, Zhenxian, Wang, SuYin Grass, Chen, Yu‐Sheng, Chariton, Stella, Prakapenka, Vitali, Luo, Xiangpeng, Zhao, Liuyan, Martin, Jovan San, Lin, Yixiong, Yan, Yong, Ghose, Sanjit K., Tyson, Trevor A.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Weinheim John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01-09-2021; Wiley; John Wiley and Sons Inc
• Subjects: all‐inorganic perovskites; Communication; Crystal structure; CsPbBr3; in‐situ single‐crystal diffraction; local structure; MATERIALS SCIENCE; Phase transitions; Quantum dots; Single crystals; space groups; Spectrum analysis; Symmetry; Temperature
• ISSN: 2198-3844; 2198-3844
• DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003046

Perovskite photovoltaic ABX3 systems are being studied due to their high energy‐conversion efficiencies with current emphasis placed on pure inorganic systems. In this work, synchrotron single‐crystal diffraction measurements combined with second harmonic generation measurements reveal the absence of inversion symmetry below room temperature in CsPbBr3. Local structural analysis by pair distribution function and X‐ray absorption fine structure methods are performed to ascertain the local ordering, atomic pair correlations, and phase evolution in a broad range of temperatures. The currently accepted space group assignments for CsPbBr3 are found to be incorrect in a manner that profoundly impacts physical properties. New assignments are obtained for the bulk structure: Im3¯ (above ≈410 K), P21/m (between ≈300 K and ≈410 K), and the polar group Pm (below ≈300 K), respectively. The newly observed structural distortions exist in the bulk structure consistent with the expectation of previous photoluminescence and Raman measurements. High‐pressure measurements reveal multiple low‐pressure phases, one of which exists as a metastable phase at ambient pressure. This work should help guide research in the perovskite photovoltaic community to better control the structure under operational conditions and further improve transport and optical properties.
Examination of single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction images between ≈500 and ≈100 K yields new symmetry assignments for CsPbBr3. The space groups are: Im‐3 above ≈410 K, P21/m between ≈410 K and ≈300 K, and Pm below ≈300 K. A unit cell volume of ≈2ap × 2ap × 2ap is maintained. Local structural measurements reveal non‐centrosymmetric short‐range order above 300 K.