Optimizing Production, Characterization, and In Vitro Behavior of Silymarin-Eudragit Electrosprayed Fiber for Anti-Inflammatory Effects: A Chemical Study
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a chronic condition that affects approximately 1.6 million Americans. While current polyphenols for treating IBD can be expensive and cause unwanted side effects, there is an opportunity regarding a new drug/polymer formulation using silymarin and an electrospray...
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| Published in: | Bioengineering (Basel) Vol. 11; no. 9; p. 864 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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01-09-2024
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| Abstract | Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a chronic condition that affects approximately 1.6 million Americans. While current polyphenols for treating IBD can be expensive and cause unwanted side effects, there is an opportunity regarding a new drug/polymer formulation using silymarin and an electrospray procedure. Silymarin is a naturally occurring polyphenolic flavonoid antioxidant that has shown promising results as a pharmacological agent due to its antioxidant and hepatoprotective characteristics. This study aims to produce a drug-polymer complex named the SILS100-Electrofiber complex, using an electrospray system. The vertical set-up of the electrospray system was optimized at a 1:10 of silymarin and Eudragit
S100 polymer to enhance surface area and microfiber encapsulation. The SILS100-Electrofiber complex was evaluated using drug release kinetics via UV Spectrophotometry, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Drug loading, apparent solubility, and antioxidant activity were also evaluated. The study was successful in creating fiber-like encapsulation of the silymarin drug with strand diameters ranging from 5-7 μm, with results showing greater silymarin release in Simulated Intestinal Fluid (SIF) compared to Simulated Gastric Fluid (SGF). Moving forward, this study aims to provide future insight into the formulation of drug-polymer complexes for IBD treatment and targeted drug release using electrospray and microencapsulation. |
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| AbstractList | Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a chronic condition that affects approximately 1.6 million Americans. While current polyphenols for treating IBD can be expensive and cause unwanted side effects, there is an opportunity regarding a new drug/polymer formulation using silymarin and an electrospray procedure. Silymarin is a naturally occurring polyphenolic flavonoid antioxidant that has shown promising results as a pharmacological agent due to its antioxidant and hepatoprotective characteristics. This study aims to produce a drug-polymer complex named the SILS100-Electrofiber complex, using an electrospray system. The vertical set-up of the electrospray system was optimized at a 1:10 of silymarin and Eudragit
S100 polymer to enhance surface area and microfiber encapsulation. The SILS100-Electrofiber complex was evaluated using drug release kinetics via UV Spectrophotometry, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Drug loading, apparent solubility, and antioxidant activity were also evaluated. The study was successful in creating fiber-like encapsulation of the silymarin drug with strand diameters ranging from 5-7 μm, with results showing greater silymarin release in Simulated Intestinal Fluid (SIF) compared to Simulated Gastric Fluid (SGF). Moving forward, this study aims to provide future insight into the formulation of drug-polymer complexes for IBD treatment and targeted drug release using electrospray and microencapsulation. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a chronic condition that affects approximately 1.6 million Americans. While current polyphenols for treating IBD can be expensive and cause unwanted side effects, there is an opportunity regarding a new drug/polymer formulation using silymarin and an electrospray procedure. Silymarin is a naturally occurring polyphenolic flavonoid antioxidant that has shown promising results as a pharmacological agent due to its antioxidant and hepatoprotective characteristics. This study aims to produce a drug–polymer complex named the SILS100-Electrofiber complex, using an electrospray system. The vertical set-up of the electrospray system was optimized at a 1:10 of silymarin and Eudragit[sup.®] S100 polymer to enhance surface area and microfiber encapsulation. The SILS100-Electrofiber complex was evaluated using drug release kinetics via UV Spectrophotometry, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Drug loading, apparent solubility, and antioxidant activity were also evaluated. The study was successful in creating fiber-like encapsulation of the silymarin drug with strand diameters ranging from 5–7 μm, with results showing greater silymarin release in Simulated Intestinal Fluid (SIF) compared to Simulated Gastric Fluid (SGF). Moving forward, this study aims to provide future insight into the formulation of drug–polymer complexes for IBD treatment and targeted drug release using electrospray and microencapsulation. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a chronic condition that affects approximately 1.6 million Americans. While current polyphenols for treating IBD can be expensive and cause unwanted side effects, there is an opportunity regarding a new drug/polymer formulation using silymarin and an electrospray procedure. Silymarin is a naturally occurring polyphenolic flavonoid antioxidant that has shown promising results as a pharmacological agent due to its antioxidant and hepatoprotective characteristics. This study aims to produce a drug–polymer complex named the SILS100-Electrofiber complex, using an electrospray system. The vertical set-up of the electrospray system was optimized at a 1:10 of silymarin and Eudragit ® S100 polymer to enhance surface area and microfiber encapsulation. The SILS100-Electrofiber complex was evaluated using drug release kinetics via UV Spectrophotometry, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Drug loading, apparent solubility, and antioxidant activity were also evaluated. The study was successful in creating fiber-like encapsulation of the silymarin drug with strand diameters ranging from 5–7 μm, with results showing greater silymarin release in Simulated Intestinal Fluid (SIF) compared to Simulated Gastric Fluid (SGF). Moving forward, this study aims to provide future insight into the formulation of drug–polymer complexes for IBD treatment and targeted drug release using electrospray and microencapsulation. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a chronic condition that affects approximately 1.6 million Americans. While current polyphenols for treating IBD can be expensive and cause unwanted side effects, there is an opportunity regarding a new drug/polymer formulation using silymarin and an electrospray procedure. Silymarin is a naturally occurring polyphenolic flavonoid antioxidant that has shown promising results as a pharmacological agent due to its antioxidant and hepatoprotective characteristics. This study aims to produce a drug–polymer complex named the SILS100-Electrofiber complex, using an electrospray system. The vertical set-up of the electrospray system was optimized at a 1:10 of silymarin and Eudragit® S100 polymer to enhance surface area and microfiber encapsulation. The SILS100-Electrofiber complex was evaluated using drug release kinetics via UV Spectrophotometry, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Drug loading, apparent solubility, and antioxidant activity were also evaluated. The study was successful in creating fiber-like encapsulation of the silymarin drug with strand diameters ranging from 5–7 μm, with results showing greater silymarin release in Simulated Intestinal Fluid (SIF) compared to Simulated Gastric Fluid (SGF). Moving forward, this study aims to provide future insight into the formulation of drug–polymer complexes for IBD treatment and targeted drug release using electrospray and microencapsulation. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a chronic condition that affects approximately 1.6 million Americans. While current polyphenols for treating IBD can be expensive and cause unwanted side effects, there is an opportunity regarding a new drug/polymer formulation using silymarin and an electrospray procedure. Silymarin is a naturally occurring polyphenolic flavonoid antioxidant that has shown promising results as a pharmacological agent due to its antioxidant and hepatoprotective characteristics. This study aims to produce a drug-polymer complex named the SILS100-Electrofiber complex, using an electrospray system. The vertical set-up of the electrospray system was optimized at a 1:10 of silymarin and Eudragit® S100 polymer to enhance surface area and microfiber encapsulation. The SILS100-Electrofiber complex was evaluated using drug release kinetics via UV Spectrophotometry, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Drug loading, apparent solubility, and antioxidant activity were also evaluated. The study was successful in creating fiber-like encapsulation of the silymarin drug with strand diameters ranging from 5-7 μm, with results showing greater silymarin release in Simulated Intestinal Fluid (SIF) compared to Simulated Gastric Fluid (SGF). Moving forward, this study aims to provide future insight into the formulation of drug-polymer complexes for IBD treatment and targeted drug release using electrospray and microencapsulation.Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a chronic condition that affects approximately 1.6 million Americans. While current polyphenols for treating IBD can be expensive and cause unwanted side effects, there is an opportunity regarding a new drug/polymer formulation using silymarin and an electrospray procedure. Silymarin is a naturally occurring polyphenolic flavonoid antioxidant that has shown promising results as a pharmacological agent due to its antioxidant and hepatoprotective characteristics. This study aims to produce a drug-polymer complex named the SILS100-Electrofiber complex, using an electrospray system. The vertical set-up of the electrospray system was optimized at a 1:10 of silymarin and Eudragit® S100 polymer to enhance surface area and microfiber encapsulation. The SILS100-Electrofiber complex was evaluated using drug release kinetics via UV Spectrophotometry, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Drug loading, apparent solubility, and antioxidant activity were also evaluated. The study was successful in creating fiber-like encapsulation of the silymarin drug with strand diameters ranging from 5-7 μm, with results showing greater silymarin release in Simulated Intestinal Fluid (SIF) compared to Simulated Gastric Fluid (SGF). Moving forward, this study aims to provide future insight into the formulation of drug-polymer complexes for IBD treatment and targeted drug release using electrospray and microencapsulation. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Weldon, Alexis Melendez, Isabel Boetcher, Sandra Madiyar, Foram Suskavcevic, Liam Namilae, Lasya Morgan, Karl O'Brien, Takara Ghate, Sahil Daugherty, Kaitlyn |
| AuthorAffiliation | 1 Department of Physical Science, Embry Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL 32114, USA 2 Department of Human Factors and Behavioral Neurobiology, Embry Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL 32114, USA 3 Department of Electrical Engineering, Embry Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL 32114, USA 4 Department of Mechanical and Engineering Sciences, Embry Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL 32114, USA 5 Seminole High School, 2701 Ridgewood Ave, Sanford, FL 32773, USA |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 3 Department of Electrical Engineering, Embry Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL 32114, USA – name: 4 Department of Mechanical and Engineering Sciences, Embry Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL 32114, USA – name: 1 Department of Physical Science, Embry Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL 32114, USA – name: 5 Seminole High School, 2701 Ridgewood Ave, Sanford, FL 32773, USA – name: 2 Department of Human Factors and Behavioral Neurobiology, Embry Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL 32114, USA |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Foram surname: Madiyar fullname: Madiyar, Foram organization: Department of Physical Science, Embry Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL 32114, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Liam surname: Suskavcevic fullname: Suskavcevic, Liam organization: Department of Human Factors and Behavioral Neurobiology, Embry Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL 32114, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: Kaitlyn surname: Daugherty fullname: Daugherty, Kaitlyn organization: Department of Human Factors and Behavioral Neurobiology, Embry Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL 32114, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: Alexis surname: Weldon fullname: Weldon, Alexis organization: Department of Human Factors and Behavioral Neurobiology, Embry Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL 32114, USA – sequence: 5 givenname: Sahil surname: Ghate fullname: Ghate, Sahil organization: Department of Electrical Engineering, Embry Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL 32114, USA – sequence: 6 givenname: Takara surname: O'Brien fullname: O'Brien, Takara organization: Department of Human Factors and Behavioral Neurobiology, Embry Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL 32114, USA – sequence: 7 givenname: Isabel surname: Melendez fullname: Melendez, Isabel organization: Department of Mechanical and Engineering Sciences, Embry Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL 32114, USA – sequence: 8 givenname: Karl surname: Morgan fullname: Morgan, Karl organization: Department of Mechanical and Engineering Sciences, Embry Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL 32114, USA – sequence: 9 givenname: Sandra surname: Boetcher fullname: Boetcher, Sandra organization: Department of Mechanical and Engineering Sciences, Embry Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL 32114, USA – sequence: 10 givenname: Lasya surname: Namilae fullname: Namilae, Lasya organization: Seminole High School, 2701 Ridgewood Ave, Sanford, FL 32773, USA |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39329606$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Keywords | drug–polymer complex silymarin electrospray microencapsulation inflammatory bowel disease |
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| Snippet | Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a chronic condition that affects approximately 1.6 million Americans. While current polyphenols for treating IBD can be... |
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| SubjectTerms | Acids Anti-inflammatory diet Anti-inflammatory drugs Antioxidants Bioavailability Biopolymers Calorimetry Cellulose acetate Colon Cytokines Differential scanning calorimetry drug–polymer complex Electric fields electrospray Electrospraying Encapsulation Enzymes Flavonoids Fourier transforms Free radicals Growth factors Inflammatory bowel disease Inflammatory bowel diseases Infrared spectrophotometers Infrared spectroscopy Investigations Lipids Medical prognosis Microencapsulation Microfibers Nanoparticles Particle size Phytochemicals Polymers Polyphenols Scanning electron microscopy Side effects Silymarin Spectrophotometry |
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| Title | Optimizing Production, Characterization, and In Vitro Behavior of Silymarin-Eudragit Electrosprayed Fiber for Anti-Inflammatory Effects: A Chemical Study |
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