Vaccines against extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC): progress and challenges

The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a principal global health crisis projected to cause 10 million deaths annually worldwide by 2050. While the Gram-negative bacteria is commonly found as a commensal microbe in the human gut, some strains are dangerously pathogenic, contributing to th...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Gut microbes Vol. 16; no. 1; p. 2359691
Main Authors:	Qiu, Ling, Chirman, Dylan, Clark, Justin R, Xing, Yikun, Hernandez Santos, Haroldo, Vaughan, Ellen E, Maresso, Anthony W
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States Taylor & Francis 01-01-2024 Taylor & Francis Group
Subjects:	Animals antigen discovery Escherichia coli Escherichia coli Infections - microbiology Escherichia coli Infections - prevention & control Escherichia coli Vaccines - immunology ExPEC Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli - genetics Humans Review UPEC urinary tract infection Vaccine vaccine immunology Escherichia coli Vaccine aging antigen discovery UPEC urinary tract infection ExPEC
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Summary:	The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a principal global health crisis projected to cause 10 million deaths annually worldwide by 2050. While the Gram-negative bacteria is commonly found as a commensal microbe in the human gut, some strains are dangerously pathogenic, contributing to the highest AMR-associated mortality. Strains of that can translocate from the gastrointestinal tract to distal sites, called extraintestinal (ExPEC), are particularly problematic and predominantly afflict women, the elderly, and immunocompromised populations. Despite nearly 40 years of clinical trials, there is still no vaccine against ExPEC. One reason for this is the remarkable diversity in the ExPEC pangenome across pathotypes, clades, and strains, with hundreds of genes associated with pathogenesis including toxins, adhesins, and nutrient acquisition systems. Further, ExPEC is intimately associated with human mucosal surfaces and has evolved creative strategies to avoid the immune system. This review summarizes previous and ongoing preclinical and clinical ExPEC vaccine research efforts to help identify key gaps in knowledge and remaining challenges.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 ObjectType-Review-3 content type line 23 These authors contributed equally: Ling Qiu and Dylan Chirman.
ISSN:	1949-0984 1949-0976 1949-0984
DOI:	10.1080/19490976.2024.2359691