Diabetes mellitus and the risk of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with liver cirrhosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

• Published in: Annals of Saudi medicine Vol. 44; no. 4; pp. 272 - 287
• Main Authors: Alhajaji, Raghad, Samkari, Mayada Mohammad, Althobaiti, Mona A, Al-Ahmadi, Bashaer Ruddah, Bugis, Alaa Mohammed, Bugis, Amjad Mohammed, Sabbagh, Fatimah Yaseen, Althobaiti, Somaya A, Bukari, Amro S, Alqurashi, Safenaz Meshal, Mshrai, Hana Abdullah, Abdelwahab, Omar Ahmed
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Saudi Arabia King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre 01-07-2024
• Subjects: Bacterial Infections - complications; Bacterial Infections - epidemiology; Diabetes Complications - epidemiology; Diabetes Mellitus - epidemiology; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis - complications; Peritonitis - epidemiology; Peritonitis - etiology; Peritonitis - microbiology; Review; Risk Factors
• ISSN: 0975-4466; 0256-4947; 0975-4466
• DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2024.272

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) represents a critical and potentially lethal condition that typically develops in individuals with liver cirrhosis. This meta-analysis aimed to assess diabetes mellitus (DM) as a risk factor for SBP in liver cirrhotic patients.
Following PRISMA guidelines, fifteen studies were included, for a total of 76 815 patients. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS). We represented the results as risk ratios (RR) with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) using RevMan software. Additionally, we pooled the hazard ratios (HR) for developing SBP in patients with DM from the included studies.
The meta-analysis shows a significantly increased risk of SBP in cirrhotic patients with DM (HR: 1.26; 95% CI [1.05-1.51],
=.01; HR: 1.70; 95% CI [1.32-2.18],
<.001).
The study signifies that DM is an independent risk factor for SBP, emphasizing the need for targeted preventive measures in this specific population.