Influence of the exercise frequency, intensity, time and type according to different training modalities on the cardiac rehabilitation programs

Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation is considered as a cornerstone of non-pharmacological treatments in cardiac patients and several previous studies have been performed with this population to know the effects of this treatment. The main goal of these researches has been to analyse the influence...

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Published in:European Journal of Human Movement Vol. 41; no. 41; pp. 49 - 72
Main Authors: Manresa Rocamora, Agustín, Sarabia Marin, José Manuel, Moya Ramon, Manuel, Oliveira, José
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Asociación Española de Ciencias del Deporte 01-01-2018
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Abstract Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation is considered as a cornerstone of non-pharmacological treatments in cardiac patients and several previous studies have been performed with this population to know the effects of this treatment. The main goal of these researches has been to analyse the influence of different training modalities, such as endurance training, resistance training or combined endurance and resistance training. Within endurance training, the principal topic is the efficacy of moderate continuous training and high-intensity interval training. However, the findings of these previous studies are controversial and a very high heterogeneity has been reported in previous meta-analyses. Despite the fact that the influence of the training variables, such as frequency, intensity, time and type (FITT variables) has been widely reported, none of the previous studies have considered these variables globally in order to explain the controversial results. Therefore, the aim of this review was to interpret previous studies to explain this heterogeneity and set out proposals to manage exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation properly. The review helped to show the lack of control of FITT variables and their influence in the effect of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation, highlighting the need to control these variables properly to reach higher adaptations in cardiac rehabilitation. La rehabilitación cardíaca basada en el ejercicio se considera la piedra angular de los tratamientos no farmacológicos en pacientes cardíacos y, por ello, se han llevado a cabo varios estudios con esta población para conocer los efectos de este tratamiento. El objetivo principal de estas investigaciones ha sido analizar la influencia de diferentes modalidades de entrenamiento, como el entrenamiento de resistencia, el entrenamiento de fuerza o el entrenamiento combinado de resistencia y fuerza. Dentro del entrenamiento de resistencia, el tema principal de debate es la eficacia del entrenamiento continúo moderado y el entrenamiento de intervalos de alta intensidad. Sin embargo, los resultados de estos estudios son controvertidos y se ha encontrado una heterogeneidad muy alta en los meta-análisis realizados. A pesar de que la influencia de las variables de entrenamiento, como la frecuencia, la intensidad, el tiempo y el tipo (variables FITT) ha sido ampliamente demostrada, ninguno de los estudios anteriores ha considerado estas variables de forma global para explicar sus resultados. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de esta revisión fue interpretar los estudios previos para explicar esta heterogeneidad y presentar una propuesta para manejar adecuadamente la rehabilitación cardíaca basada en el ejercicio. La revisión permitió mostrar la falta de control de las variables FITT y su influencia en el efecto de la rehabilitación cardíaca, siendo necesario controlar y gestionar adecuadamente estas variables para alcanzar mayores adaptaciones en estos programas.
AbstractList Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation is considered as a cornerstone of non-pharmacological treatments in cardiac patients and several previous studies have been performed with this population to know the effects of this treatment. The main goal of these researches has been to analyse the influence of different training modalities, such as endurance training, resistance training or combined endurance and resistance training. Within endurance training, the principal topic is the efficacy of moderate continuous training and high-intensity interval training. However, the findings of these previous studies are controversial and a very high heterogeneity has been reported in previous meta-analyses. Despite the fact that the influence of the training variables, such as frequency, intensity, time and type (FITT variables) has been widely reported, none of the previous studies have considered these variables globally in order to explain the controversial results. Therefore, the aim of this review was to interpret previous studies to explain this heterogeneity and set out proposals to manage exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation properly. The review helped to show the lack of control of FITT variables and their influence in the effect of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation, highlighting the need to control these variables properly to reach higher adaptations in cardiac rehabilitation. La rehabilitación cardíaca basada en el ejercicio se considera la piedra angular de los tratamientos no farmacológicos en pacientes cardíacos y, por ello, se han llevado a cabo varios estudios con esta población para conocer los efectos de este tratamiento. El objetivo principal de estas investigaciones ha sido analizar la influencia de diferentes modalidades de entrenamiento, como el entrenamiento de resistencia, el entrenamiento de fuerza o el entrenamiento combinado de resistencia y fuerza. Dentro del entrenamiento de resistencia, el tema principal de debate es la eficacia del entrenamiento continúo moderado y el entrenamiento de intervalos de alta intensidad. Sin embargo, los resultados de estos estudios son controvertidos y se ha encontrado una heterogeneidad muy alta en los meta-análisis realizados. A pesar de que la influencia de las variables de entrenamiento, como la frecuencia, la intensidad, el tiempo y el tipo (variables FITT) ha sido ampliamente demostrada, ninguno de los estudios anteriores ha considerado estas variables de forma global para explicar sus resultados. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de esta revisión fue interpretar los estudios previos para explicar esta heterogeneidad y presentar una propuesta para manejar adecuadamente la rehabilitación cardíaca basada en el ejercicio. La revisión permitió mostrar la falta de control de las variables FITT y su influencia en el efecto de la rehabilitación cardíaca, siendo necesario controlar y gestionar adecuadamente estas variables para alcanzar mayores adaptaciones en estos programas.
Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation is considered as a cornerstone of non-pharmacological treatments in cardiac patients and several previous studies have been performed with this population to know the effects of this treatment. The main goal of these researches has been to analyse the influence of different training modalities, such as endurance training, resistance training or combined endurance and resistance training. Within endurance training, the principal topic is the efficacy of moderate continuous training and high-intensity interval training. However, the findings of these previous studies are controversial and a very high heterogeneity has been reported in previous meta-analyses. Despite the fact that the influence of the training variables, such as frequency, intensity, time and type (FITT variables) has been widely reported, none of the previous studies have considered these variables globally in order to explain the controversial results. Therefore, the aim of this review was to interpret previous studies to explain this heterogeneity and set out proposals to manage exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation properly. The review helped to show the lack of control of FITT variables and their influence in the effect of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation, highlighting the need to control these variables properly to reach higher adaptations in cardiac rehabilitation.
Author Oliveira, José
Moya Ramon, Manuel
Sarabia Marin, José Manuel
Manresa Rocamora, Agustín
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SubjectTerms cardiopatía isquémica
chronic heart failure
combined training
coronary heart disease
entrenamiento combinado
entrenamiento de fuerza
entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad
high
insuficiencia cardiaca
intensity interval training
resistance training
Title Influence of the exercise frequency, intensity, time and type according to different training modalities on the cardiac rehabilitation programs
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