Azospirillum brasilense Inoculation in a Maize–Urochloa–Rice Cropping System Promotes Soil Chemical and Biological Changes and Increases Productivity

Large quantities of cover crop residues in the soil, combined, or not, with the inoculation of seeds with diazotrophic bacteria, can increase organic matter (OM) and protect soil microorganisms, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and dark septate endophytic (DSE) fungi. Thus, the use of thes...

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Published in:Crops Vol. 4; no. 2; pp. 211 - 226
Main Authors: Philippe Solano Toledo Silva, Nayara Siviero Garcia, Fernando Shintate Galindo, Orivaldo Arf, Thiago Assis Rodrigues Nogueira, Arun Dilipkumar Jani, Ana Maria Rodrigues Cassiolato
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 01-06-2024
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Abstract Large quantities of cover crop residues in the soil, combined, or not, with the inoculation of seeds with diazotrophic bacteria, can increase organic matter (OM) and protect soil microorganisms, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and dark septate endophytic (DSE) fungi. Thus, the use of these sustainable biotechnologies can benefit microbial interactions, soil fertility and rice production in the Brazilian Cerrado region. In this study, we evaluated the effects of maize and Urochloa ruziziensis, intercropped or individually, as cover crops and an inoculation of Azospirillum brasilense on the chemical (fertility) and biological (C–microbial biomass and C–CO2 released) attributes of soil and the effects of root colonization by AMF and DSE on the yield of rice grown in succession in highlands. The experiment was conducted under field conditions, in a typical dystrophic Red Oxisol. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks arranged in strips, incorporating a combination of eight residual cover crops: ((1) maize, (2) maize–I (I = inoculation of seeds with A. brasilense), (3) Urochloa (U. ruziziensis), (4) Urochloa–I, (5) maize + Urochloa–I, (6) maize + Urochloa–I, (7) maize–I + Urochloa and (8) maize–I + Urochloa–I). This was accompanied by two treatments of rice as a successor crop (inoculated or not with A. brasilense), with four replicates, totaling 64 experimental units. A cover crop and rice seed inoculation prompted increases in OM and AMF relative to DSE, while the inoculation of rice, regardless of the cover crop treatment, increased the soil’s P content. The combination of maize + Urochloa–I and inoculated rice as the next crop generated increases in its sum of bases (SBs) and cation exchange capacity (CEC). There was a 19% increase in rice grain yields when the seed was inoculated.
AbstractList Large quantities of cover crop residues in the soil, combined, or not, with the inoculation of seeds with diazotrophic bacteria, can increase organic matter (OM) and protect soil microorganisms, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and dark septate endophytic (DSE) fungi. Thus, the use of these sustainable biotechnologies can benefit microbial interactions, soil fertility and rice production in the Brazilian Cerrado region. In this study, we evaluated the effects of maize and Urochloa ruziziensis, intercropped or individually, as cover crops and an inoculation of Azospirillum brasilense on the chemical (fertility) and biological (C–microbial biomass and C–CO2 released) attributes of soil and the effects of root colonization by AMF and DSE on the yield of rice grown in succession in highlands. The experiment was conducted under field conditions, in a typical dystrophic Red Oxisol. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks arranged in strips, incorporating a combination of eight residual cover crops: ((1) maize, (2) maize–I (I = inoculation of seeds with A. brasilense), (3) Urochloa (U. ruziziensis), (4) Urochloa–I, (5) maize + Urochloa–I, (6) maize + Urochloa–I, (7) maize–I + Urochloa and (8) maize–I + Urochloa–I). This was accompanied by two treatments of rice as a successor crop (inoculated or not with A. brasilense), with four replicates, totaling 64 experimental units. A cover crop and rice seed inoculation prompted increases in OM and AMF relative to DSE, while the inoculation of rice, regardless of the cover crop treatment, increased the soil’s P content. The combination of maize + Urochloa–I and inoculated rice as the next crop generated increases in its sum of bases (SBs) and cation exchange capacity (CEC). There was a 19% increase in rice grain yields when the seed was inoculated.
Author Thiago Assis Rodrigues Nogueira
Philippe Solano Toledo Silva
Arun Dilipkumar Jani
Fernando Shintate Galindo
Nayara Siviero Garcia
Orivaldo Arf
Ana Maria Rodrigues Cassiolato
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  fullname: Philippe Solano Toledo Silva
  organization: Department of Soil Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, Via de Prof Access Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil
– sequence: 2
  fullname: Nayara Siviero Garcia
  organization: Department of Plant Technology, Food Technology and Partner Economics, São Paulo State University, Av. Brazil Sul n◦ 56, Ilha Solteira 15385-000, SP, Brazil
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  fullname: Fernando Shintate Galindo
  organization: School of Agricultural and Technological Sciences, Sao Paulo State University, Rod. Captain João Ribeiro de Barros km 651, Dracena 17900-000, SP, Brazil
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  fullname: Orivaldo Arf
  organization: Department of Plant Technology, Food Technology and Partner Economics, São Paulo State University, Av. Brazil Sul n◦ 56, Ilha Solteira 15385-000, SP, Brazil
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  fullname: Thiago Assis Rodrigues Nogueira
  organization: Department of Soil Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, Via de Prof Access Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil
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  fullname: Arun Dilipkumar Jani
  organization: Department of Biology and Chemistry, California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA 93955, USA
– sequence: 7
  fullname: Ana Maria Rodrigues Cassiolato
  organization: Department of Plant Technology, Food Technology and Partner Economics, São Paulo State University, Av. Brazil Sul n◦ 56, Ilha Solteira 15385-000, SP, Brazil
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SubjectTerms arbuscular mycorrhiza
dark septate endophytes
microbial activity
Oryza sativa L
sustainable agriculture
Title Azospirillum brasilense Inoculation in a Maize–Urochloa–Rice Cropping System Promotes Soil Chemical and Biological Changes and Increases Productivity
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