Burden of Hospital Acquired Infections and Antimicrobial Use in Vietnamese Adult Intensive Care Units

Vietnam is a lower middle-income country with no national surveillance system for hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). We assessed the prevalence of hospital-acquired infections and antimicrobial use in adult intensive care units (ICUs) across Vietnam. Monthly repeated point prevalence surveys were...

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Published in:PloS one Vol. 11; no. 1; p. e0147544
Main Authors: Phu, Vu Dinh, Wertheim, Heiman F L, Larsson, Mattias, Nadjm, Behzad, Dinh, Quynh-Dao, Nilsson, Lennart E, Rydell, Ulf, Le, Tuyet Thi Diem, Trinh, Son Hong, Pham, Hung Minh, Tran, Cang Thanh, Doan, Hanh Thi Hong, Tran, Nguyen Thua, Le, Nhan Duc, Huynh, Nhuan Van, Tran, Thao Phuong, Tran, Bao Duc, Nguyen, Son Truong, Pham, Thao Thi Ngoc, Dang, Tam Quang, Nguyen, Chau Van Vinh, Lam, Yen Minh, Thwaites, Guy, Van Nguyen, Kinh, Hanberger, Hakan
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States Public Library of Science 29-01-2016
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Abstract Vietnam is a lower middle-income country with no national surveillance system for hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). We assessed the prevalence of hospital-acquired infections and antimicrobial use in adult intensive care units (ICUs) across Vietnam. Monthly repeated point prevalence surveys were systematically conducted to assess HAI prevalence and antimicrobial use in 15 adult ICUs across Vietnam. Adults admitted to participating ICUs before 08:00 a.m. on the survey day were included. Among 3287 patients enrolled, the HAI prevalence was 29.5% (965/3266 patients, 21 missing). Pneumonia accounted for 79.4% (804/1012) of HAIs Most HAIs (84.5% [855/1012]) were acquired in the survey hospital with 42.5% (363/855) acquired prior to ICU admission and 57.5% (492/855) developed during ICU admission. In multivariate analysis, the strongest risk factors for HAI acquired in ICU were: intubation (OR 2.76), urinary catheter (OR 2.12), no involvement of a family member in patient care (OR 1.94), and surgery after admission (OR 1.66). 726 bacterial isolates were cultured from 622/1012 HAIs, most frequently Acinetobacter baumannii (177/726 [24.4%]), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (100/726 [13.8%]), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (84/726 [11.6%]), with carbapenem resistance rates of 89.2%, 55.7%, and 14.9% respectively. Antimicrobials were prescribed for 84.8% (2787/3287) patients, with 73.7% of patients receiving two or more. The most common antimicrobial groups were third generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, and carbapenems (20.1%, 19.4%, and 14.1% of total antimicrobials, respectively). A high prevalence of HAIs was observed, mainly caused by Gram-negative bacteria with high carbapenem resistance rates. This in combination with a high rate of antimicrobial use illustrates the urgent need to improve rational antimicrobial use and infection control efforts.
AbstractList Background Vietnam is a lower middle-income country with no national surveillance system for hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). We assessed the prevalence of hospital-acquired infections and antimicrobial use in adult intensive care units (ICUs) across Vietnam. Methods Monthly repeated point prevalence surveys were systematically conducted to assess HAI prevalence and antimicrobial use in 15 adult ICUs across Vietnam. Adults admitted to participating ICUs before 08:00 a.m. on the survey day were included. Results Among 3287 patients enrolled, the HAI prevalence was 29.5% (965/3266 patients, 21 missing). Pneumonia accounted for 79.4% (804/1012) of HAIs Most HAIs (84.5% [855/1012]) were acquired in the survey hospital with 42.5% (363/855) acquired prior to ICU admission and 57.5% (492/855) developed during ICU admission. In multivariate analysis, the strongest risk factors for HAI acquired in ICU were: intubation (OR 2.76), urinary catheter (OR 2.12), no involvement of a family member in patient care (OR 1.94), and surgery after admission (OR 1.66). 726 bacterial isolates were cultured from 622/1012 HAIs, most frequently Acinetobacter baumannii (177/726 [24.4%]), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (100/726 [13.8%]), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (84/726 [11.6%]), with carbapenem resistance rates of 89.2%, 55.7%, and 14.9% respectively. Antimicrobials were prescribed for 84.8% (2787/3287) patients, with 73.7% of patients receiving two or more. The most common antimicrobial groups were third generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, and carbapenems (20.1%, 19.4%, and 14.1% of total antimicrobials, respectively). Conclusion A high prevalence of HAIs was observed, mainly caused by Gram-negative bacteria with high carbapenem resistance rates. This in combination with a high rate of antimicrobial use illustrates the urgent need to improve rational antimicrobial use and infection control efforts.
Vietnam is a lower middle-income country with no national surveillance system for hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). We assessed the prevalence of hospital-acquired infections and antimicrobial use in adult intensive care units (ICUs) across Vietnam. Monthly repeated point prevalence surveys were systematically conducted to assess HAI prevalence and antimicrobial use in 15 adult ICUs across Vietnam. Adults admitted to participating ICUs before 08:00 a.m. on the survey day were included. Among 3287 patients enrolled, the HAI prevalence was 29.5% (965/3266 patients, 21 missing). Pneumonia accounted for 79.4% (804/1012) of HAIs Most HAIs (84.5% [855/1012]) were acquired in the survey hospital with 42.5% (363/855) acquired prior to ICU admission and 57.5% (492/855) developed during ICU admission. In multivariate analysis, the strongest risk factors for HAI acquired in ICU were: intubation (OR 2.76), urinary catheter (OR 2.12), no involvement of a family member in patient care (OR 1.94), and surgery after admission (OR 1.66). 726 bacterial isolates were cultured from 622/1012 HAIs, most frequently Acinetobacter baumannii (177/726 [24.4%]), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (100/726 [13.8%]), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (84/726 [11.6%]), with carbapenem resistance rates of 89.2%, 55.7%, and 14.9% respectively. Antimicrobials were prescribed for 84.8% (2787/3287) patients, with 73.7% of patients receiving two or more. The most common antimicrobial groups were third generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, and carbapenems (20.1%, 19.4%, and 14.1% of total antimicrobials, respectively). A high prevalence of HAIs was observed, mainly caused by Gram-negative bacteria with high carbapenem resistance rates. This in combination with a high rate of antimicrobial use illustrates the urgent need to improve rational antimicrobial use and infection control efforts.
BACKGROUNDVietnam is a lower middle-income country with no national surveillance system for hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). We assessed the prevalence of hospital-acquired infections and antimicrobial use in adult intensive care units (ICUs) across Vietnam.METHODSMonthly repeated point prevalence surveys were systematically conducted to assess HAI prevalence and antimicrobial use in 15 adult ICUs across Vietnam. Adults admitted to participating ICUs before 08:00 a.m. on the survey day were included.RESULTSAmong 3287 patients enrolled, the HAI prevalence was 29.5% (965/3266 patients, 21 missing). Pneumonia accounted for 79.4% (804/1012) of HAIs Most HAIs (84.5% [855/1012]) were acquired in the survey hospital with 42.5% (363/855) acquired prior to ICU admission and 57.5% (492/855) developed during ICU admission. In multivariate analysis, the strongest risk factors for HAI acquired in ICU were: intubation (OR 2.76), urinary catheter (OR 2.12), no involvement of a family member in patient care (OR 1.94), and surgery after admission (OR 1.66). 726 bacterial isolates were cultured from 622/1012 HAIs, most frequently Acinetobacter baumannii (177/726 [24.4%]), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (100/726 [13.8%]), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (84/726 [11.6%]), with carbapenem resistance rates of 89.2%, 55.7%, and 14.9% respectively. Antimicrobials were prescribed for 84.8% (2787/3287) patients, with 73.7% of patients receiving two or more. The most common antimicrobial groups were third generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, and carbapenems (20.1%, 19.4%, and 14.1% of total antimicrobials, respectively).CONCLUSIONA high prevalence of HAIs was observed, mainly caused by Gram-negative bacteria with high carbapenem resistance rates. This in combination with a high rate of antimicrobial use illustrates the urgent need to improve rational antimicrobial use and infection control efforts.
Vietnam is a lower middle-income country with no national surveillance system for hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). We assessed the prevalence of hospital-acquired infections and antimicrobial use in adult intensive care units (ICUs) across Vietnam. Monthly repeated point prevalence surveys were systematically conducted to assess HAI prevalence and antimicrobial use in 15 adult ICUs across Vietnam. Adults admitted to participating ICUs before 08:00 a.m. on the survey day were included. Among 3287 patients enrolled, the HAI prevalence was 29.5% (965/3266 patients, 21 missing). Pneumonia accounted for 79.4% (804/1012) of HAIs Most HAIs (84.5% [855/1012]) were acquired in the survey hospital with 42.5% (363/855) acquired prior to ICU admission and 57.5% (492/855) developed during ICU admission. In multivariate analysis, the strongest risk factors for HAI acquired in ICU were: intubation (OR 2.76), urinary catheter (OR 2.12), no involvement of a family member in patient care (OR 1.94), and surgery after admission (OR 1.66). 726 bacterial isolates were cultured from 622/1012 HAIs, most frequently Acinetobacter baumannii (177/726 [24.4%]), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (100/726 [13.8%]), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (84/726 [11.6%]), with carbapenem resistance rates of 89.2%, 55.7%, and 14.9% respectively. Antimicrobials were prescribed for 84.8% (2787/3287) patients, with 73.7% of patients receiving two or more. The most common antimicrobial groups were third generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, and carbapenems (20.1%, 19.4%, and 14.1% of total antimicrobials, respectively). A high prevalence of HAIs was observed, mainly caused by Gram-negative bacteria with high carbapenem resistance rates. This in combination with a high rate of antimicrobial use illustrates the urgent need to improve rational antimicrobial use and infection control efforts.
Background Vietnam is a lower middle-income country with no national surveillance system for hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). We assessed the prevalence of hospital-acquired infections and antimicrobial use in adult intensive care units (ICUs) across Vietnam. Methods Monthly repeated point prevalence surveys were systematically conducted to assess HAI prevalence and antimicrobial use in 15 adult ICUs across Vietnam. Adults admitted to participating ICUs before 08:00 a.m. on the survey day were included. Results Among 3287 patients enrolled, the HAI prevalence was 29.5% (965/3266 patients, 21 missing). Pneumonia accounted for 79.4% (804/1012) of HAIs Most HAIs (84.5% [855/1012]) were acquired in the survey hospital with 42.5% (363/855) acquired prior to ICU admission and 57.5% (492/855) developed during ICU admission. In multivariate analysis, the strongest risk factors for HAI acquired in ICU were: intubation (OR 2.76), urinary catheter (OR 2.12), no involvement of a family member in patient care (OR 1.94), and surgery after admission (OR 1.66). 726 bacterial isolates were cultured from 622/1012 HAIs, most frequently Acinetobacter baumannii (177/726 [24.4%]), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (100/726 [13.8%]), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (84/726 [11.6%]), with carbapenem resistance rates of 89.2%, 55.7%, and 14.9% respectively. Antimicrobials were prescribed for 84.8% (2787/3287) patients, with 73.7% of patients receiving two or more. The most common antimicrobial groups were third generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, and carbapenems (20.1%, 19.4%, and 14.1% of total antimicrobials, respectively). Conclusion A high prevalence of HAIs was observed, mainly caused by Gram-negative bacteria with high carbapenem resistance rates. This in combination with a high rate of antimicrobial use illustrates the urgent need to improve rational antimicrobial use and infection control efforts.
Audience Academic
Author Rydell, Ulf
Dang, Tam Quang
Tran, Bao Duc
Phu, Vu Dinh
Pham, Hung Minh
Wertheim, Heiman F L
Van Nguyen, Kinh
Thwaites, Guy
Nguyen, Son Truong
Huynh, Nhuan Van
Trinh, Son Hong
Nguyen, Chau Van Vinh
Pham, Thao Thi Ngoc
Doan, Hanh Thi Hong
Tran, Cang Thanh
Hanberger, Hakan
Le, Tuyet Thi Diem
Larsson, Mattias
Le, Nhan Duc
Tran, Thao Phuong
Nadjm, Behzad
Nilsson, Lennart E
Dinh, Quynh-Dao
Tran, Nguyen Thua
Lam, Yen Minh
AuthorAffiliation 13 Board of Directors, Da Nang Hospital, Da Nang, Vietnam
17 Board of Directors, Cho Ray Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
5 Clinical Microbiology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
16 Planning Department, Dak Lak Hospital, Dak Lak, Vietnam
20 Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
2 Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hanoi, Vietnam
3 Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
1 Intensive Care Unit, National Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ha Noi, Vietnam
6 Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
10 Intensive Care Unit, Viet Tiep Hospital, Hai Phong, Vietnam
18 Board of Directors, Can Tho Central General Hosptial, Can Tho, Vietnam
21 Board of Directors, National Hospital for Tropical Disea
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https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-125684$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index
http://kipublications.ki.se/Default.aspx?queryparsed=id:132921832$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index
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10.1001/jama.2014.12923
10.1093/aje/kwm041
10.1086/661915
10.1001/jama.2009.1754
10.1016/j.ajic.2014.05.029
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2016 Phu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
2016 Phu et al 2016 Phu et al
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content type line 23
Conceived and designed the experiments: VDP HFLW ML LEN UR HH KVN. Performed the experiments: VDP HFLW ML BN QDD LEN UR TTDL SHT HMP CTT HTHD NTT NDL NVH TPT BDT STN TTNP TQD CVVN YML GT KVN HH. Analyzed the data: VDP HFLW BN QDD HH. Wrote the paper: VDP HFLW BN ML LEN UR HH KVN GT.
Current address: Department of medical microbiology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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Snippet Vietnam is a lower middle-income country with no national surveillance system for hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). We assessed the prevalence of...
Background Vietnam is a lower middle-income country with no national surveillance system for hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). We assessed the prevalence of...
BACKGROUNDVietnam is a lower middle-income country with no national surveillance system for hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). We assessed the prevalence of...
BACKGROUND:Vietnam is a lower middle-income country with no national surveillance system for hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). We assessed the prevalence of...
Background Vietnam is a lower middle-income country with no national surveillance system for hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). We assessed the prevalence of...
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SubjectTerms Acinetobacter baumannii - isolation & purification
Adult
Adults
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Alcohol
Anti-Bacterial Agents - therapeutic use
Anti-infective agents
Antiinfectives and antibacterials
Antimicrobial agents
Bacteria
Biology and Life Sciences
Boards of directors
Carbapenems
Cephalosporins
Clinical medicine
Cross infection
Cross Infection - drug therapy
Cross Infection - epidemiology
Demographic aspects
Disease control
Disease prevention
Drug resistance
Drug Resistance, Bacterial
Enterobacteriaceae
Female
Fluoroquinolones
Gram-negative bacteria
Hospitals
Humans
Infection Control
Infections
Infectious diseases
Intensive care
Intensive Care Units
Intubation
Klebsiella
Klebsiella pneumoniae - isolation & purification
Male
Medical instruments
Medicin och hälsovetenskap
Medicine
Medicine and Health Sciences
Middle Aged
Multivariate analysis
Nosocomial infections
Patients
Pneumonia
Polls & surveys
Prevalence
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Pseudomonas aeruginosa - isolation & purification
Risk analysis
Risk factors
Surgery
Surveillance
Tropical diseases
Urinary tract infections
Ventilators
Vietnam - epidemiology
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Title Burden of Hospital Acquired Infections and Antimicrobial Use in Vietnamese Adult Intensive Care Units
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26824228
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1761243318
https://search.proquest.com/docview/1762026362
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC4732823
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0147544
Volume 11
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