From Liberally-Organized to Centralized Schools

This paper introduces a shift from freestyle Confucian learning to a centrally-controlled educational system in colonial Tonkin from 1885 to 1927. I examine the changes in education within this time frame, focusing on policy, legislation, finances, personnel resources, and schooling outcomes. I also...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Journal of Vietnamese studies (Berkeley, Calif.) Vol. 8; no. 3; pp. 27 - 70
Main Author:	Hoa, Trần Thị Phương
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	01-11-2013
Online Access:	Get full text
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Summary:	This paper introduces a shift from freestyle Confucian learning to a centrally-controlled educational system in colonial Tonkin from 1885 to 1927. I examine the changes in education within this time frame, focusing on policy, legislation, finances, personnel resources, and schooling outcomes. I also discuss the drivers and impacts of this new, highly-centralized schooling system.
ISSN:	1559-372X 1559-3738
DOI:	10.1525/vs.2013.8.3.27