Neurodevelopmental multimorbidity and educational outcomes of Scottish schoolchildren: A population-based record linkage cohort study
Neurodevelopmental conditions commonly coexist in children, but compared to adults, childhood multimorbidity attracts less attention in research and clinical practice. We previously reported that children treated for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and depression have more school abs...
Saved in:
| Published in: | PLoS medicine Vol. 17; no. 10; p. e1003290 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
United States
Public Library of Science
13-10-2020
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| Abstract | Neurodevelopmental conditions commonly coexist in children, but compared to adults, childhood multimorbidity attracts less attention in research and clinical practice. We previously reported that children treated for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and depression have more school absences and exclusions, additional support needs, poorer attainment, and increased unemployment. They are also more likely to have coexisting conditions, including autism and intellectual disability. We investigated prevalence of neurodevelopmental multimorbidity (≥2 conditions) among Scottish schoolchildren and their educational outcomes compared to peers.
We retrospectively linked 6 Scotland-wide databases to analyse 766,244 children (390,290 [50.9%] boys; 375,954 [49.1%] girls) aged 4 to 19 years (mean = 10.9) attending Scottish schools between 2009 and 2013. Children were distributed across all deprivation quintiles (most to least deprived: 22.7%, 20.1%, 19.3%, 19.5%, 18.4%). The majority (96.2%) were white ethnicity. We ascertained autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disabilities from records of additional support needs and ADHD and depression through relevant encashed prescriptions. We identified neurodevelopmental multimorbidity (≥2 of these conditions) in 4,789 (0.6%) children, with ASD and intellectual disability the most common combination. On adjusting for sociodemographic (sex, age, ethnicity, deprivation) and maternity (maternal age, maternal smoking, sex-gestation-specific birth weight centile, gestational age, 5-minute Apgar score, mode of delivery, parity) factors, multimorbidity was associated with increased school absenteeism and exclusion, unemployment, and poorer exam attainment. Significant dose relationships were evident between number of conditions (0, 1, ≥2) and the last 3 outcomes. Compared to children with no conditions, children with 1 condition, and children with 2 or more conditions, had more absenteeism (1 condition adjusted incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.28, 95% CI 1.27-1.30, p < 0.001 and 2 or more conditions adjusted IRR 1.23, 95% CI 1.20-1.28, p < 0.001), greater exclusion (adjusted IRR 2.37, 95% CI 2.25-2.48, p < 0.001 and adjusted IRR 3.04, 95% CI 2.74-3.38, p < 0.001), poorer attainment (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.92, 95% CI 3.63-4.23, p < 0.001 and adjusted OR 12.07, 95% CI 9.15-15.94, p < 0.001), and increased unemployment (adjusted OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.49-1.66, p < 0.001 and adjusted OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.83-2.45, p < 0.001). Associations remained after further adjustment for comorbid physical conditions and additional support needs. Coexisting depression was the strongest driver of absenteeism and coexisting ADHD the strongest driver of exclusion. Absence of formal primary care diagnoses was a limitation since ascertaining depression and ADHD from prescriptions omitted affected children receiving alternative or no treatment and some antidepressants can be prescribed for other indications.
Structuring clinical practice and training around single conditions may disadvantage children with neurodevelopmental multimorbidity, who we observed had significantly poorer educational outcomes compared to children with 1 condition and no conditions. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Neurodevelopmental conditions commonly coexist in children, but compared to adults, childhood multimorbidity attracts less attention in research and clinical practice. We previously reported that children treated for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and depression have more school absences and exclusions, additional support needs, poorer attainment, and increased unemployment. They are also more likely to have coexisting conditions, including autism and intellectual disability. We investigated prevalence of neurodevelopmental multimorbidity ([greater than or equal to]2 conditions) among Scottish schoolchildren and their educational outcomes compared to peers. We retrospectively linked 6 Scotland-wide databases to analyse 766,244 children (390,290 [50.9%] boys; 375,954 [49.1%] girls) aged 4 to 19 years (mean = 10.9) attending Scottish schools between 2009 and 2013. Children were distributed across all deprivation quintiles (most to least deprived: 22.7%, 20.1%, 19.3%, 19.5%, 18.4%). The majority (96.2%) were white ethnicity. We ascertained autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disabilities from records of additional support needs and ADHD and depression through relevant encashed prescriptions. We identified neurodevelopmental multimorbidity ([greater than or equal to]2 of these conditions) in 4,789 (0.6%) children, with ASD and intellectual disability the most common combination. On adjusting for sociodemographic (sex, age, ethnicity, deprivation) and maternity (maternal age, maternal smoking, sex-gestation-specific birth weight centile, gestational age, 5-minute Apgar score, mode of delivery, parity) factors, multimorbidity was associated with increased school absenteeism and exclusion, unemployment, and poorer exam attainment. Significant dose relationships were evident between number of conditions (0, 1, [greater than or equal to]2) and the last 3 outcomes. Compared to children with no conditions, children with 1 condition, and children with 2 or more conditions, had more absenteeism (1 condition adjusted incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.28, 95% CI 1.27-1.30, p < 0.001 and 2 or more conditions adjusted IRR 1.23, 95% CI 1.20-1.28, p < 0.001), greater exclusion (adjusted IRR 2.37, 95% CI 2.25-2.48, p < 0.001 and adjusted IRR 3.04, 95% CI 2.74-3.38, p < 0.001), poorer attainment (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.92, 95% CI 3.63-4.23, p < 0.001 and adjusted OR 12.07, 95% CI 9.15-15.94, p < 0.001), and increased unemployment (adjusted OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.49-1.66, p < 0.001 and adjusted OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.83-2.45, p < 0.001). Associations remained after further adjustment for comorbid physical conditions and additional support needs. Coexisting depression was the strongest driver of absenteeism and coexisting ADHD the strongest driver of exclusion. Absence of formal primary care diagnoses was a limitation since ascertaining depression and ADHD from prescriptions omitted affected children receiving alternative or no treatment and some antidepressants can be prescribed for other indications. Structuring clinical practice and training around single conditions may disadvantage children with neurodevelopmental multimorbidity, who we observed had significantly poorer educational outcomes compared to children with 1 condition and no conditions. Neurodevelopmental conditions commonly coexist in children, but compared to adults, childhood multimorbidity attracts less attention in research and clinical practice. We previously reported that children treated for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and depression have more school absences and exclusions, additional support needs, poorer attainment, and increased unemployment. They are also more likely to have coexisting conditions, including autism and intellectual disability. We investigated prevalence of neurodevelopmental multimorbidity (≥2 conditions) among Scottish schoolchildren and their educational outcomes compared to peers. We retrospectively linked 6 Scotland-wide databases to analyse 766,244 children (390,290 [50.9%] boys; 375,954 [49.1%] girls) aged 4 to 19 years (mean = 10.9) attending Scottish schools between 2009 and 2013. Children were distributed across all deprivation quintiles (most to least deprived: 22.7%, 20.1%, 19.3%, 19.5%, 18.4%). The majority (96.2%) were white ethnicity. We ascertained autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disabilities from records of additional support needs and ADHD and depression through relevant encashed prescriptions. We identified neurodevelopmental multimorbidity (≥2 of these conditions) in 4,789 (0.6%) children, with ASD and intellectual disability the most common combination. On adjusting for sociodemographic (sex, age, ethnicity, deprivation) and maternity (maternal age, maternal smoking, sex-gestation-specific birth weight centile, gestational age, 5-minute Apgar score, mode of delivery, parity) factors, multimorbidity was associated with increased school absenteeism and exclusion, unemployment, and poorer exam attainment. Significant dose relationships were evident between number of conditions (0, 1, ≥2) and the last 3 outcomes. Compared to children with no conditions, children with 1 condition, and children with 2 or more conditions, had more absenteeism (1 condition adjusted incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.28, 95% CI 1.27-1.30, p < 0.001 and 2 or more conditions adjusted IRR 1.23, 95% CI 1.20-1.28, p < 0.001), greater exclusion (adjusted IRR 2.37, 95% CI 2.25-2.48, p < 0.001 and adjusted IRR 3.04, 95% CI 2.74-3.38, p < 0.001), poorer attainment (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.92, 95% CI 3.63-4.23, p < 0.001 and adjusted OR 12.07, 95% CI 9.15-15.94, p < 0.001), and increased unemployment (adjusted OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.49-1.66, p < 0.001 and adjusted OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.83-2.45, p < 0.001). Associations remained after further adjustment for comorbid physical conditions and additional support needs. Coexisting depression was the strongest driver of absenteeism and coexisting ADHD the strongest driver of exclusion. Absence of formal primary care diagnoses was a limitation since ascertaining depression and ADHD from prescriptions omitted affected children receiving alternative or no treatment and some antidepressants can be prescribed for other indications. Structuring clinical practice and training around single conditions may disadvantage children with neurodevelopmental multimorbidity, who we observed had significantly poorer educational outcomes compared to children with 1 condition and no conditions. Background Neurodevelopmental conditions commonly coexist in children, but compared to adults, childhood multimorbidity attracts less attention in research and clinical practice. We previously reported that children treated for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and depression have more school absences and exclusions, additional support needs, poorer attainment, and increased unemployment. They are also more likely to have coexisting conditions, including autism and intellectual disability. We investigated prevalence of neurodevelopmental multimorbidity ([greater than or equal to]2 conditions) among Scottish schoolchildren and their educational outcomes compared to peers. Methods and findings We retrospectively linked 6 Scotland-wide databases to analyse 766,244 children (390,290 [50.9%] boys; 375,954 [49.1%] girls) aged 4 to 19 years (mean = 10.9) attending Scottish schools between 2009 and 2013. Children were distributed across all deprivation quintiles (most to least deprived: 22.7%, 20.1%, 19.3%, 19.5%, 18.4%). The majority (96.2%) were white ethnicity. We ascertained autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disabilities from records of additional support needs and ADHD and depression through relevant encashed prescriptions. We identified neurodevelopmental multimorbidity ([greater than or equal to]2 of these conditions) in 4,789 (0.6%) children, with ASD and intellectual disability the most common combination. On adjusting for sociodemographic (sex, age, ethnicity, deprivation) and maternity (maternal age, maternal smoking, sex-gestation-specific birth weight centile, gestational age, 5-minute Apgar score, mode of delivery, parity) factors, multimorbidity was associated with increased school absenteeism and exclusion, unemployment, and poorer exam attainment. Significant dose relationships were evident between number of conditions (0, 1, [greater than or equal to]2) and the last 3 outcomes. Compared to children with no conditions, children with 1 condition, and children with 2 or more conditions, had more absenteeism (1 condition adjusted incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.28, 95% CI 1.27-1.30, p < 0.001 and 2 or more conditions adjusted IRR 1.23, 95% CI 1.20-1.28, p < 0.001), greater exclusion (adjusted IRR 2.37, 95% CI 2.25-2.48, p < 0.001 and adjusted IRR 3.04, 95% CI 2.74-3.38, p < 0.001), poorer attainment (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.92, 95% CI 3.63-4.23, p < 0.001 and adjusted OR 12.07, 95% CI 9.15-15.94, p < 0.001), and increased unemployment (adjusted OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.49-1.66, p < 0.001 and adjusted OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.83-2.45, p < 0.001). Associations remained after further adjustment for comorbid physical conditions and additional support needs. Coexisting depression was the strongest driver of absenteeism and coexisting ADHD the strongest driver of exclusion. Absence of formal primary care diagnoses was a limitation since ascertaining depression and ADHD from prescriptions omitted affected children receiving alternative or no treatment and some antidepressants can be prescribed for other indications. Conclusions Structuring clinical practice and training around single conditions may disadvantage children with neurodevelopmental multimorbidity, who we observed had significantly poorer educational outcomes compared to children with 1 condition and no conditions. BACKGROUNDNeurodevelopmental conditions commonly coexist in children, but compared to adults, childhood multimorbidity attracts less attention in research and clinical practice. We previously reported that children treated for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and depression have more school absences and exclusions, additional support needs, poorer attainment, and increased unemployment. They are also more likely to have coexisting conditions, including autism and intellectual disability. We investigated prevalence of neurodevelopmental multimorbidity (≥2 conditions) among Scottish schoolchildren and their educational outcomes compared to peers. METHODS AND FINDINGSWe retrospectively linked 6 Scotland-wide databases to analyse 766,244 children (390,290 [50.9%] boys; 375,954 [49.1%] girls) aged 4 to 19 years (mean = 10.9) attending Scottish schools between 2009 and 2013. Children were distributed across all deprivation quintiles (most to least deprived: 22.7%, 20.1%, 19.3%, 19.5%, 18.4%). The majority (96.2%) were white ethnicity. We ascertained autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disabilities from records of additional support needs and ADHD and depression through relevant encashed prescriptions. We identified neurodevelopmental multimorbidity (≥2 of these conditions) in 4,789 (0.6%) children, with ASD and intellectual disability the most common combination. On adjusting for sociodemographic (sex, age, ethnicity, deprivation) and maternity (maternal age, maternal smoking, sex-gestation-specific birth weight centile, gestational age, 5-minute Apgar score, mode of delivery, parity) factors, multimorbidity was associated with increased school absenteeism and exclusion, unemployment, and poorer exam attainment. Significant dose relationships were evident between number of conditions (0, 1, ≥2) and the last 3 outcomes. Compared to children with no conditions, children with 1 condition, and children with 2 or more conditions, had more absenteeism (1 condition adjusted incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.28, 95% CI 1.27-1.30, p < 0.001 and 2 or more conditions adjusted IRR 1.23, 95% CI 1.20-1.28, p < 0.001), greater exclusion (adjusted IRR 2.37, 95% CI 2.25-2.48, p < 0.001 and adjusted IRR 3.04, 95% CI 2.74-3.38, p < 0.001), poorer attainment (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.92, 95% CI 3.63-4.23, p < 0.001 and adjusted OR 12.07, 95% CI 9.15-15.94, p < 0.001), and increased unemployment (adjusted OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.49-1.66, p < 0.001 and adjusted OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.83-2.45, p < 0.001). Associations remained after further adjustment for comorbid physical conditions and additional support needs. Coexisting depression was the strongest driver of absenteeism and coexisting ADHD the strongest driver of exclusion. Absence of formal primary care diagnoses was a limitation since ascertaining depression and ADHD from prescriptions omitted affected children receiving alternative or no treatment and some antidepressants can be prescribed for other indications. CONCLUSIONSStructuring clinical practice and training around single conditions may disadvantage children with neurodevelopmental multimorbidity, who we observed had significantly poorer educational outcomes compared to children with 1 condition and no conditions. [...]there is a paucity of literature reporting outcomes for children with coexisting neurodevelopmental conditions [31–33]. Databases Four Scotland-wide education databases were accessed via the Scottish Exchange of Educational Data (ScotXed) Unit in the Learning and Justice Directorate of the Scottish Government: the annual Pupil Census, which includes pupils’ age, sex, ethnicity, and records of additional support needs (referred to as special educational need in the Pupil Census); attendance data including absences and exclusions which are routinely collected prospectively and appended to the census at the end of each school year; the Scottish Qualifications Authority (SQA) database, which records school examination results; and the School Leaver Database, which records the education/employment status of pupils 6 months after leaving school. Depression was defined as receipt of at least 1 encashed prescription for a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), mirtazapine, venlafaxine, or a tricyclic antidepressant, in a school year. [...]we categorised children according to the number of eligible conditions they had, irrespective of the actual condition (0, 1, or ≥2). Michael Fleming and colleagues investigate educational outcomes among children with comorbid depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism, or intellectual disability. [...]there is a paucity of literature reporting outcomes for children with coexisting neurodevelopmental conditions [31–33]. Databases Four Scotland-wide education databases were accessed via the Scottish Exchange of Educational Data (ScotXed) Unit in the Learning and Justice Directorate of the Scottish Government: the annual Pupil Census, which includes pupils’ age, sex, ethnicity, and records of additional support needs (referred to as special educational need in the Pupil Census); attendance data including absences and exclusions which are routinely collected prospectively and appended to the census at the end of each school year; the Scottish Qualifications Authority (SQA) database, which records school examination results; and the School Leaver Database, which records the education/employment status of pupils 6 months after leaving school. Depression was defined as receipt of at least 1 encashed prescription for a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), mirtazapine, venlafaxine, or a tricyclic antidepressant, in a school year. [...]we categorised children according to the number of eligible conditions they had, irrespective of the actual condition (0, 1, or ≥2). |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Clark, David McLay, James S Mackay, Daniel F Kinnear, Deborah Cooper, Sally-Ann Fleming, Michael Pell, Jill P Henderson, Angela King, Albert Salim, Ehsan E |
| AuthorAffiliation | Stellenbosch University, SOUTH AFRICA 4 Department of Child Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom 2 Information Services Division, Edinburgh, United Kingdom 3 ScotXed, Scottish Government, Edinburgh, United Kingdom 1 Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 2 Information Services Division, Edinburgh, United Kingdom – name: 3 ScotXed, Scottish Government, Edinburgh, United Kingdom – name: 4 Department of Child Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom – name: Stellenbosch University, SOUTH AFRICA – name: 1 Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Michael orcidid: 0000-0002-2185-4502 surname: Fleming fullname: Fleming, Michael organization: Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom – sequence: 2 givenname: Ehsan E surname: Salim fullname: Salim, Ehsan E organization: Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom – sequence: 3 givenname: Daniel F surname: Mackay fullname: Mackay, Daniel F organization: Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom – sequence: 4 givenname: Angela orcidid: 0000-0002-6146-3477 surname: Henderson fullname: Henderson, Angela organization: Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom – sequence: 5 givenname: Deborah orcidid: 0000-0002-2626-1554 surname: Kinnear fullname: Kinnear, Deborah organization: Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom – sequence: 6 givenname: David orcidid: 0000-0003-4757-4573 surname: Clark fullname: Clark, David organization: Information Services Division, Edinburgh, United Kingdom – sequence: 7 givenname: Albert orcidid: 0000-0001-6913-1883 surname: King fullname: King, Albert organization: ScotXed, Scottish Government, Edinburgh, United Kingdom – sequence: 8 givenname: James S orcidid: 0000-0002-1120-6704 surname: McLay fullname: McLay, James S organization: Department of Child Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom – sequence: 9 givenname: Sally-Ann orcidid: 0000-0001-6054-7700 surname: Cooper fullname: Cooper, Sally-Ann organization: Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom – sequence: 10 givenname: Jill P orcidid: 0000-0002-8898-7035 surname: Pell fullname: Pell, Jill P organization: Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33048945$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
| BookMark | eNqVk9tu1DAQhiNURA_wBggsISG42MWOnTjhAqmqOFSqWokCt5ZjjzcuTry1nYo-AO-Nt91WXbQXIF_Ecr7_H8-MZ7_YGf0IRfGc4DmhnLy78FMYpZsvB9BzgjEtW_yo2CMVa2ek5vXOg_1usR_jBcYZafGTYpdSzJqWVXvF71OYgtdwBc5npzFJh4bJJTv40Flt0zWSo0agJyWT9Tkg8lNSfoCIvEHnyqdkY4-i6r13qrdOBxjfo0O09MvJ3WhmnYygUQDlg0bOjj_lApDyvQ8JxTTp66fFYyNdhGfr70Hx_dPHb0dfZidnn4-PDk9mqqE4zTSmkBMFIGXTVrjrsOm4JBJUY4ymplQa18ZQZuqSdxhk03Fdc8bqVnGSiYPi5a3v0vko1hWMomS8ZXVT1SwTx7eE9vJCLIMdZLgWXlpxc-DDQsiQrHIgWKnrqus4ryrJiNYt5qXJQTWUkrNy5fVhHW3qcpNUrm6QbsN0889oe7HwVyI7UlrW2eDN2iD4ywliEoONCpyTI_hpde-KEEqbFmf01V_o9uzW1ELmBOxofI6rVqbisGZlSRnjPFOzLdQCRsiXzI_Q2Hy8wc-38HlpGKzaKni7IchMgl9pIacYxfH51_9gT_-dPfuxyb5-wPYgXeqjd9PqwcZNkN2CKvgYA5j7BhIsVpN4V2mxmkSxnsQse_Gw-feiu9GjfwAHPDJV |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1111_cch_13061 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11136_021_03054_2 crossref_primary_10_1177_13623613231211046 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyt_2023_1260747 crossref_primary_10_53841_bpsecp_2024_41_1_31 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_addr_2024_115218 crossref_primary_10_3389_fped_2021_705859 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tate_2024_104595 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_seizure_2024_02_014 crossref_primary_10_1002_aur_3063 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12888_023_05217_6 crossref_primary_10_3310_nihropenres_13558_1 crossref_primary_10_1016_S2468_2667_23_00127_5 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jadohealth_2023_05_014 crossref_primary_10_1111_sjop_12814 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyg_2022_995217 crossref_primary_10_1002_cbm_2315 crossref_primary_10_3310_nihropenres_13588_1 crossref_primary_10_14746_sr_2023_7_2_03 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12887_023_03844_2 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40489_022_00309_7 crossref_primary_10_1177_13623613221081189 crossref_primary_10_1001_jamanetworkopen_2021_40902 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pmed_1003832 crossref_primary_10_1111_cch_13113 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjopen_2023_072531 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12889_022_14940_w crossref_primary_10_6033_specialeducation_22_O013 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11136_021_02963_6 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13034_022_00462_1 crossref_primary_10_1097_MD_0000000000028916 |
| Cites_doi | 10.2337/dc18-2423 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2008.12.015 10.1176/ajp.148.5.564 10.2217/fnl-2017-0030 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62435-6 10.1093/jpepsy/jsl054 10.1177/1087054712446813 10.4103/2249-4863.152243 10.1016/j.jaac.2017.03.013 10.1016/j.seizure.2015.03.016 10.2466/pms.102.3.760-766 10.1016/j.jad.2016.12.047 10.1016/j.dhjo.2016.05.002 10.1017/CBO9781139342834 10.1016/j.ridd.2010.06.002 10.1002/da.1048 10.1016/S0031-3955(05)70163-2 10.1007/s10803-013-1766-2 10.1183/13993003.02309-2018 10.1007/s10803-018-3697-4 10.1371/journal.pone.0020835 10.1002/pds.4138 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.0691 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.02.015 10.1016/j.jad.2006.07.003 10.1097/00004583-199911000-00013 10.1097/PRA.0000000000000132 10.1080/13668250.2011.572548 10.1097/CHI.0b013e31816429d3 10.1017/S0033291716002099 10.1177/1362361315580962 10.1177/1087054705278777 10.1016/j.cpr.2009.01.003 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60871-4 10.1007/s10567-011-0097-0 10.1016/j.annepidem.2013.01.001 10.1002/hec.1319 10.1177/0022219412439325 10.1016/S1474-4422(13)70011-5 10.1186/s12889-019-6888-9 10.1177/1536867X0700700205 10.2307/30035538 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | COPYRIGHT 2020 Public Library of Science 2020 Fleming et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. 2020 Fleming et al 2020 Fleming et al |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: COPYRIGHT 2020 Public Library of Science – notice: 2020 Fleming et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. – notice: 2020 Fleming et al 2020 Fleming et al |
| DBID | CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM AAYXX CITATION IOV ISN ISR 3V. 7TK 7X7 7XB 88E 8FI 8FJ 8FK ABUWG AFKRA AZQEC BENPR CCPQU DWQXO FYUFA GHDGH K9. M0S M1P PIMPY PQEST PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS 7X8 5PM DOA CZK |
| DOI | 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003290 |
| DatabaseName | Medline MEDLINE MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE MEDLINE PubMed CrossRef Gale in Context : Opposing Viewpoints Gale In Context: Canada Gale in Context: Science ProQuest Central (Corporate) Neurosciences Abstracts Health & Medical Collection (Proquest) ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016) Medical Database (Alumni Edition) Hospital Premium Collection Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016) ProQuest Central (Alumni) ProQuest Central UK/Ireland ProQuest Central Essentials AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central ProQuest One Community College ProQuest Central Health Research Premium Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition) PML(ProQuest Medical Library) Access via ProQuest (Open Access) ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE) ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central China MEDLINE - Academic PubMed Central (Full Participant titles) Directory of Open Access Journals PLoS Medicine |
| DatabaseTitle | MEDLINE Medline Complete MEDLINE with Full Text PubMed MEDLINE (Ovid) CrossRef Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) ProQuest One Community College ProQuest Hospital Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) Neurosciences Abstracts ProQuest Central China ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Central ProQuest Health & Medical Complete Health Research Premium Collection ProQuest Medical Library ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition Health and Medicine Complete (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central Korea ProQuest One Academic ProQuest Medical Library (Alumni) ProQuest Central (Alumni) MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | MEDLINE MEDLINE - Academic Publicly Available Content Database |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: DOA name: Directory of Open Access Journals url: http://www.doaj.org/ sourceTypes: Open Website – sequence: 2 dbid: ECM name: MEDLINE url: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cmedm&site=ehost-live sourceTypes: Index Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Medicine Statistics Education |
| DocumentTitleAlternate | Neurodevelopmental multimorbidity and educational outcomes of Scottish schoolchildren |
| EISSN | 1549-1676 |
| Editor | Tomlinson, Mark |
| Editor_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Mark surname: Tomlinson fullname: Tomlinson, Mark |
| EndPage | e1003290 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 2479468564 oai_doaj_org_article_42d65bb7755a41dd9072f0eade2a7424 A642234477 10_1371_journal_pmed_1003290 33048945 |
| Genre | Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Journal Article |
| GeographicLocations | Scotland United Kingdom--UK |
| GeographicLocations_xml | – name: Scotland – name: United Kingdom--UK |
| GrantInformation_xml | – fundername: Chief Scientist Office – fundername: Department of Health – fundername: Wellcome Trust – fundername: Medical Research Council grantid: MR/S003800/1 – fundername: British Heart Foundation – fundername: Medical Research Council grantid: MC_PC_17217 – fundername: ; grantid: MC_PC_17217 – fundername: ; grantid: VAC007974 – fundername: ; grantid: MR/S003800/1 |
| GroupedDBID | --- 123 29O 2WC 3V. 53G 5VS 7X7 88E 8FI 8FJ AAFWJ AAWTL ABDBF ABUWG ACGFO ACIHN ACPRK ADBBV ADRAZ AEAQA AENEX AFKRA AFRAH AFXKF AHMBA AKRSQ ALIPV ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AOIJS B0M BAWUL BCGST BCNDV BENPR BPHCQ BVXVI BWKFM CCPQU CGR CS3 CUY CVF DIK DU5 E3Z EAP EAS EBD EBS ECM EIF EJD EMK EMOBN ESX F5P FPL FYUFA GROUPED_DOAJ GX1 H13 HMCUK HYE IAO ICW IHR IHW INH INR IOF IOV IPNFZ IPO ISN ISR ITC KQ8 M1P M48 MK0 M~E NPM O5R O5S OK1 P2P PIMPY PQQKQ PROAC PSQYO PV9 RIG RNS RPM RZL SV3 TR2 TUS UKHRP WOQ WOW XSB YZZ ~8M AAYXX CITATION AFPKN 7TK 7XB 8FK AZQEC DWQXO K9. PQEST PQUKI PRINS 7X8 5PM AAPBV ABPTK ACDSR BBAFP CZK UMP |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c830t-d03e003ee128950bb0fb7a1aec8ffd3f2cd06ff34f627b0ea8b7d674469c71fd3 |
| IEDL.DBID | RPM |
| ISSN | 1549-1676 1549-1277 |
| IngestDate | Sun Nov 06 00:11:05 EDT 2022 Tue Oct 22 15:15:00 EDT 2024 Tue Sep 17 21:33:23 EDT 2024 Fri Oct 25 11:37:21 EDT 2024 Wed Nov 20 03:03:13 EST 2024 Tue Nov 19 21:26:05 EST 2024 Thu Nov 14 21:19:26 EST 2024 Tue Nov 12 23:09:01 EST 2024 Thu Aug 01 19:19:31 EDT 2024 Thu Aug 01 19:28:22 EDT 2024 Thu Aug 01 20:28:25 EDT 2024 Tue Aug 20 22:02:41 EDT 2024 Thu Nov 21 22:37:43 EST 2024 Wed Oct 16 00:45:16 EDT 2024 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 10 |
| Language | English |
| License | This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Creative Commons Attribution License |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c830t-d03e003ee128950bb0fb7a1aec8ffd3f2cd06ff34f627b0ea8b7d674469c71fd3 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-6146-3477 0000-0002-2626-1554 0000-0003-4757-4573 0000-0001-6054-7700 0000-0002-2185-4502 0000-0002-1120-6704 0000-0001-6913-1883 0000-0002-8898-7035 |
| OpenAccessLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7553326/ |
| PMID | 33048945 |
| PQID | 2479468564 |
| PQPubID | 1436338 |
| ParticipantIDs | plos_journals_2479468564 doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_42d65bb7755a41dd9072f0eade2a7424 pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_7553326 proquest_miscellaneous_2451133890 proquest_journals_2479468564 gale_infotracmisc_A642234477 gale_infotracgeneralonefile_A642234477 gale_infotracacademiconefile_A642234477 gale_incontextgauss_ISR_A642234477 gale_incontextgauss_ISN_A642234477 gale_incontextgauss_IOV_A642234477 gale_healthsolutions_A642234477 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pmed_1003290 pubmed_primary_33048945 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2020-10-13 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2020-10-13 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 10 year: 2020 text: 2020-10-13 day: 13 |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationPlace | United States |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: United States – name: San Francisco – name: San Francisco, CA USA |
| PublicationTitle | PLoS medicine |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | PLoS Med |
| PublicationYear | 2020 |
| Publisher | Public Library of Science Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Public Library of Science – name: Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| References | BA Zaboski (pmed.1003290.ref006) 2018; 13 J Robertson (pmed.1003290.ref052) 2015; 29 L Holliday-Willey (pmed.1003290.ref045) 1999 H Gardarsdottir (pmed.1003290.ref060) 2007; 98 M Fleming (pmed.1003290.ref056) 2019; 19 T Spencer (pmed.1003290.ref017) 1999; 46 JA Fusaro (pmed.1003290.ref029) 2006; 102 J Cui (pmed.1003290.ref039) 2007; 7 M Fleming (pmed.1003290.ref028) 2020; dyaa002 R Loomes (pmed.1003290.ref040) 2017; 56 J Sarginson (pmed.1003290.ref057) 2017; 210 pmed.1003290.ref020 A Moreno-De-Luca (pmed.1003290.ref018) 2013; 12 M Fleming (pmed.1003290.ref054) 2019; 42 A John (pmed.1003290.ref059) 2016; 46 R Wood (pmed.1003290.ref036) 2013; 382 S Alabaf (pmed.1003290.ref053) 2019; 49 C Crump (pmed.1003290.ref021) 2013; 23 M Fleming (pmed.1003290.ref024) 2017; 171 IM Loe (pmed.1003290.ref025) 2007; 32 BL Needham (pmed.1003290.ref026) 2009; 45 G Rydén (pmed.1003290.ref044) 2008; 5 MC Lai (pmed.1003290.ref042) 2011; 6 D Keen (pmed.1003290.ref022) 2016; 20 pmed.1003290.ref019 SW White (pmed.1003290.ref008) 2009; 29 C Gillberg (pmed.1003290.ref014) 2010; 31 J Biederman (pmed.1003290.ref003) 1991; 148 TH Melton (pmed.1003290.ref010) 2016; 22 M Hen (pmed.1003290.ref030) 2014; 47 LH Carlsson (pmed.1003290.ref005) 2013; 213979 FJ Van Steensel (pmed.1003290.ref007) 2011; 14 DA Axelson (pmed.1003290.ref009) 2001; 14 C Gillberg (pmed.1003290.ref046) 2000 C Gillberg (pmed.1003290.ref016) 2004; 13 K Schuchardt (pmed.1003290.ref011) 2015; 43 L Beckman (pmed.1003290.ref031) 2016; 9 JWR Twisk (pmed.1003290.ref038) 2013 EW Nilsson (pmed.1003290.ref043) 1999; 38 AA Kraut (pmed.1003290.ref004) 2013; 13 SL Einfeld (pmed.1003290.ref012) 2011; 36 J Gould (pmed.1003290.ref041) 2011; 12 GL Blackman (pmed.1003290.ref032) 2005; 8 H Rimal (pmed.1003290.ref002) 2016; 14 PK Lillemoen (pmed.1003290.ref050) 2012; 132 T May (pmed.1003290.ref023) 2013; 43 JRZ Abela (pmed.1003290.ref048) 2008 pmed.1003290.ref001 AK Srivastava (pmed.1003290.ref051) 2014; 46 J Biederman (pmed.1003290.ref015) 2008; 47 JJ Rucklidge (pmed.1003290.ref049) 2010; 33 MK Sahoo (pmed.1003290.ref013) 2015; 4 C Schroder (pmed.1003290.ref058) 2017; 26 JM Fletcher (pmed.1003290.ref027) 2008; 17 pmed.1003290.ref037 A Thapar (pmed.1003290.ref047) 2012; 379 TJ Smith (pmed.1003290.ref035) 2006; 29 A Taanila (pmed.1003290.ref033) 2014; 18 M Fleming (pmed.1003290.ref055) 2019; 54 pmed.1003290.ref034 |
| References_xml | – volume: 42 start-page: 1700 issue: 9 year: 2019 ident: pmed.1003290.ref054 article-title: Educational and health outcomes of children treated for type 1 diabetes: Scotland-wide record linkage study of 766,047 children publication-title: Diabetes Care doi: 10.2337/dc18-2423 contributor: fullname: M Fleming – volume: 213979 year: 2013 ident: pmed.1003290.ref005 article-title: Coexisting disorders and problems in preschool children with autism spectrum disorders publication-title: The Scientific World Journal contributor: fullname: LH Carlsson – volume: 45 start-page: 179 issue: 2 year: 2009 ident: pmed.1003290.ref026 article-title: Adolescent depressive symptomatology and young adult educational attainment: an examination of gender differences publication-title: J Adolesc Health doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2008.12.015 contributor: fullname: BL Needham – volume: 132 start-page: 1856 issue: 16 year: 2012 ident: pmed.1003290.ref050 article-title: Prescriptions for ADHD medication, 2004–08 publication-title: Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen contributor: fullname: PK Lillemoen – volume: 148 start-page: 564 issue: 5 year: 1991 ident: pmed.1003290.ref003 article-title: Comorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with conduct, depressive, anxiety, and other disorders publication-title: Am J Psychiatry doi: 10.1176/ajp.148.5.564 contributor: fullname: J Biederman – volume: 13 start-page: 31 issue: 1 year: 2018 ident: pmed.1003290.ref006 article-title: Comorbid autism spectrum disorder and anxiety disorders: a brief review publication-title: Future Neurol doi: 10.2217/fnl-2017-0030 contributor: fullname: BA Zaboski – volume: 382 start-page: S10 year: 2013 ident: pmed.1003290.ref036 article-title: Novel cross-sectoral linkage of routine health and education data at an all-Scotland level: a feasibility study publication-title: Lancet doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62435-6 contributor: fullname: R Wood – volume: 32 start-page: 643 issue: 6 year: 2007 ident: pmed.1003290.ref025 article-title: Academic and educational outcomes of children with ADHD publication-title: J Pediatr Psychol doi: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsl054 contributor: fullname: IM Loe – volume: 18 start-page: 61 issue: 1 year: 2014 ident: pmed.1003290.ref033 article-title: Association between childhood specific learning difficulties and school performance in adolescents with and without ADHD symptoms: a 16-year follow-up publication-title: J Atten Disord doi: 10.1177/1087054712446813 contributor: fullname: A Taanila – volume: 4 start-page: 21 issue: 1 year: 2015 ident: pmed.1003290.ref013 article-title: Psychological Co-morbidity in Children with Specific Learning Disorders publication-title: J Family Med Prim Care doi: 10.4103/2249-4863.152243 contributor: fullname: MK Sahoo – volume: 56 start-page: 466 issue: 6 year: 2017 ident: pmed.1003290.ref040 article-title: What is the male-to-female ratio in Autism Spectrum Disorder? A systematic review and meta-analysis publication-title: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2017.03.013 contributor: fullname: R Loomes – volume: 29 start-page: 46 year: 2015 ident: pmed.1003290.ref052 article-title: Prevalence of epilepsy among people with intellectual disabilities: A systematic review publication-title: Seizure doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2015.03.016 contributor: fullname: J Robertson – volume: 102 start-page: 760 issue: 3 year: 2006 ident: pmed.1003290.ref029 article-title: Learning disabilities and performance on the Pennsylvania System of School Assessment publication-title: Percept Mot Skills doi: 10.2466/pms.102.3.760-766 contributor: fullname: JA Fusaro – volume: 210 start-page: 312 year: 2017 ident: pmed.1003290.ref057 article-title: Temporal trends in antidepressant prescribing to children in UK primary care, 2000–2015 publication-title: J Affect Disord doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.12.047 contributor: fullname: J Sarginson – volume: 9 start-page: 663 issue: 4 year: 2016 ident: pmed.1003290.ref031 article-title: Associations between neurodevelopmental disorders and factors related to school, health, and social interaction in schoolchildren: Results from a Swedish population-based survey publication-title: Disabil Health J doi: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2016.05.002 contributor: fullname: L Beckman – volume-title: Applied longitudinal data analysis for epidemiology: a practical guide year: 2013 ident: pmed.1003290.ref038 doi: 10.1017/CBO9781139342834 contributor: fullname: JWR Twisk – volume: 31 start-page: 1543 issue: 6 year: 2010 ident: pmed.1003290.ref014 article-title: The ESSENCE in child psychiatry: Early Symptomatic Syndromes Eliciting Neurodevelopmental Clinical Examinations publication-title: Res Dev Disabil doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2010.06.002 contributor: fullname: C Gillberg – volume: 5 start-page: 22 issue: 1 year: 2008 ident: pmed.1003290.ref044 article-title: Borderline personality disorder and autism spectrum disorder in females—a cross-sectional study publication-title: Clin Neuropsychiatry contributor: fullname: G Rydén – volume-title: The Biology of the Autistic Syndromes year: 2000 ident: pmed.1003290.ref046 contributor: fullname: C Gillberg – volume: 14 start-page: 67 issue: 2 year: 2001 ident: pmed.1003290.ref009 article-title: Relation between anxiety and depressive disorders in childhood and adolescence publication-title: Depress Anxiety doi: 10.1002/da.1048 contributor: fullname: DA Axelson – volume: 46 start-page: 915 issue: 5 year: 1999 ident: pmed.1003290.ref017 article-title: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and comorbidity publication-title: Pediatr Clin North Am doi: 10.1016/S0031-3955(05)70163-2 contributor: fullname: T Spencer – volume: 43 start-page: 2147 issue: 9 year: 2013 ident: pmed.1003290.ref023 article-title: The role of attention in the academic attainment of children with autism spectrum disorder publication-title: J Autism Dev Disord doi: 10.1007/s10803-013-1766-2 contributor: fullname: T May – ident: pmed.1003290.ref034 – volume: 54 issue: 3 year: 2019 ident: pmed.1003290.ref055 article-title: Educational and health outcomes of children treated for asthma: Scotland-wide record linkage study of 683,716 children publication-title: Eur Respir J doi: 10.1183/13993003.02309-2018 contributor: fullname: M Fleming – volume: 49 start-page: 83 year: 2019 ident: pmed.1003290.ref053 article-title: Physical health in children with neurodevelopmental disorders publication-title: J Autism Dev Disord doi: 10.1007/s10803-018-3697-4 contributor: fullname: S Alabaf – volume-title: Pretending to Be Normal: Living with Asperger’s syndrome year: 1999 ident: pmed.1003290.ref045 contributor: fullname: L Holliday-Willey – volume: 6 start-page: e20835 issue: 6 year: 2011 ident: pmed.1003290.ref042 article-title: A behavioural comparison of male and female adults with high functioning autism spectrum conditions publication-title: PLoS ONE doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020835 contributor: fullname: MC Lai – volume: 26 start-page: 170 issue: 2 year: 2017 ident: pmed.1003290.ref058 article-title: Outpatient antidepressant drug use in children and adolescents in Germany between 2004 and 2011 publication-title: Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf doi: 10.1002/pds.4138 contributor: fullname: C Schroder – volume: 12 start-page: 34 issue: 1 year: 2011 ident: pmed.1003290.ref041 article-title: Missed diagnosis or misdiagnosis: girls and women on the autism spectrum publication-title: Good Autism Practice contributor: fullname: J Gould – ident: pmed.1003290.ref020 – volume: 171 start-page: e170691 issue: 7 year: 2017 ident: pmed.1003290.ref024 article-title: Educational and Health Outcomes of Children Treated for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder publication-title: JAMA Pediatr doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.0691 contributor: fullname: M Fleming – volume: 46 start-page: 161 issue: 2 year: 2014 ident: pmed.1003290.ref051 article-title: Intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorders: Causal genes and molecular mechanisms publication-title: Neurosci Biobehav Rev doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.02.015 contributor: fullname: AK Srivastava – volume: 98 start-page: 109 issue: 1–2 year: 2007 ident: pmed.1003290.ref060 article-title: Indications for antidepressant drug prescribing in general practice in the Netherlands publication-title: J Affect Disord doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2006.07.003 contributor: fullname: H Gardarsdottir – volume: 13 issue: 11 year: 2013 ident: pmed.1003290.ref004 article-title: Comorbidities in ADHD children treated with methylphenidate: a database study publication-title: BMC Psychiatry contributor: fullname: AA Kraut – volume: 38 start-page: 1389 issue: 11 year: 1999 ident: pmed.1003290.ref043 article-title: Ten-year follow-up of adolescent-onset anorexia nervosa: personality disorders publication-title: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry doi: 10.1097/00004583-199911000-00013 contributor: fullname: EW Nilsson – volume: 22 start-page: 84 issue: 2 year: 2016 ident: pmed.1003290.ref010 article-title: Comorbid anxiety and depressive symptoms in children and adolescents: A systematic review and analysis publication-title: J Psychiatr Pract doi: 10.1097/PRA.0000000000000132 contributor: fullname: TH Melton – ident: pmed.1003290.ref037 – volume: 36 start-page: 137 issue: 2 year: 2011 ident: pmed.1003290.ref012 article-title: Comorbidity of intellectual disability and mental disorder in children and adolescents: a systematic review publication-title: J Intellect Dev Disabil doi: 10.1080/13668250.2011.572548 contributor: fullname: SL Einfeld – volume: 47 start-page: 426 issue: 4 year: 2008 ident: pmed.1003290.ref015 article-title: New insights into the comorbidity between ADHD and major depression in adolescent and young adult females publication-title: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry doi: 10.1097/CHI.0b013e31816429d3 contributor: fullname: J Biederman – volume: 46 start-page: 3315 issue: 16 year: 2016 ident: pmed.1003290.ref059 article-title: Recent trends in primary-care antidepressant prescribing to children and young people: an e-cohort study publication-title: Psychol Med doi: 10.1017/S0033291716002099 contributor: fullname: A John – volume: 14 start-page: 226 issue: 55 year: 2016 ident: pmed.1003290.ref002 article-title: Prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder among School Children and Associated Co-morbidities—A Hospital Based Descriptive Study publication-title: Kathmandu Univ Med J contributor: fullname: H Rimal – volume: 33 start-page: 357 issue: 2 year: 2010 ident: pmed.1003290.ref049 article-title: Gender differences in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder publication-title: Psychiatr Clin contributor: fullname: JJ Rucklidge – volume: 20 start-page: 276 issue: 3 year: 2016 ident: pmed.1003290.ref022 article-title: How well are children with autism spectrum disorder doing academically at school? An overview of the literature publication-title: Autism doi: 10.1177/1362361315580962 contributor: fullname: D Keen – volume: 8 start-page: 195 issue: 4 year: 2005 ident: pmed.1003290.ref032 article-title: Children with ADHD and depression: a multisource, multimethod assessment of clinical, social, and academic functioning publication-title: J Atten Disord doi: 10.1177/1087054705278777 contributor: fullname: GL Blackman – volume: 29 start-page: 216 issue: 3 year: 2009 ident: pmed.1003290.ref008 article-title: Anxiety in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders publication-title: Clin Psychol Rev doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2009.01.003 contributor: fullname: SW White – volume: 379 start-page: 1056 issue: 9820 year: 2012 ident: pmed.1003290.ref047 article-title: Depression in adolescence publication-title: Lancet doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60871-4 contributor: fullname: A Thapar – volume: 14 start-page: 302 issue: 3 year: 2011 ident: pmed.1003290.ref007 article-title: Anxiety disorders in children and adolescents with autistic spectrum disorders: a meta-analysis publication-title: Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev doi: 10.1007/s10567-011-0097-0 contributor: fullname: FJ Van Steensel – volume-title: Handbook of depression in children and adolescents year: 2008 ident: pmed.1003290.ref048 contributor: fullname: JRZ Abela – volume: 23 start-page: 179 issue: 4 year: 2013 ident: pmed.1003290.ref021 article-title: Chronic health conditions and school performance among children and youth publication-title: Ann Epidemiol doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2013.01.001 contributor: fullname: C Crump – ident: pmed.1003290.ref019 – volume: 17 start-page: 1215 issue: 11 year: 2008 ident: pmed.1003290.ref027 article-title: Adolescent depression: diagnosis, treatment, and educational attainment publication-title: Health Econ doi: 10.1002/hec.1319 contributor: fullname: JM Fletcher – ident: pmed.1003290.ref001 – volume: dyaa002 year: 2020 ident: pmed.1003290.ref028 article-title: Educational and health outcomes of children and adolescents receiving antidepressant medication: Scotland-wide retrospective record linkage cohort study of 766 237 schoolchildren publication-title: Int J Epidemiol contributor: fullname: M Fleming – volume: 47 start-page: 116 issue: 2 year: 2014 ident: pmed.1003290.ref030 article-title: Academic procrastination, emotional intelligence, academic self-efficacy, and GPA: a comparison between students with and without learning disabilities publication-title: J Learn Disabil doi: 10.1177/0022219412439325 contributor: fullname: M Hen – volume: 43 start-page: 185 issue: 3 year: 2015 ident: pmed.1003290.ref011 article-title: The comorbidity of learning difficulties and ADHD symptoms in primary-school-age children publication-title: Z Kinder Jugendpsychiatr Psychother contributor: fullname: K Schuchardt – volume: 12 start-page: 406 issue: 4 year: 2013 ident: pmed.1003290.ref018 article-title: Developmental brain dysfunction: revival and expansion of old concepts based on new genetic evidence publication-title: Lancet Neurol doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(13)70011-5 contributor: fullname: A Moreno-De-Luca – volume: 19 start-page: 595 issue: 1 year: 2019 ident: pmed.1003290.ref056 article-title: Educational and health outcomes of children and adolescents receiving antiepileptic medication: Scotland-wide record linkage study of 766 244 schoolchildren publication-title: BMC Public Health doi: 10.1186/s12889-019-6888-9 contributor: fullname: M Fleming – volume: 13 start-page: 180 issue: Suppl 1 year: 2004 ident: pmed.1003290.ref016 article-title: Co-existing disorders in ADHD—implications for diagnosis and intervention publication-title: Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry contributor: fullname: C Gillberg – volume: 7 start-page: 209 issue: 2 year: 2007 ident: pmed.1003290.ref039 article-title: QIC program and model selection in GEE analyses publication-title: Stata Journal doi: 10.1177/1536867X0700700205 contributor: fullname: J Cui – volume: 29 start-page: 101 issue: 2 year: 2006 ident: pmed.1003290.ref035 article-title: The effect of comorbid ADHD and learning disabilities on parent-reported behavioural and academic outcomes of children publication-title: Learn Disabil Q doi: 10.2307/30035538 contributor: fullname: TJ Smith |
| SSID | ssj0029090 |
| Score | 2.5218625 |
| Snippet | Neurodevelopmental conditions commonly coexist in children, but compared to adults, childhood multimorbidity attracts less attention in research and clinical... Background Neurodevelopmental conditions commonly coexist in children, but compared to adults, childhood multimorbidity attracts less attention in research and... [...]there is a paucity of literature reporting outcomes for children with coexisting neurodevelopmental conditions [31–33]. Databases Four Scotland-wide... BACKGROUNDNeurodevelopmental conditions commonly coexist in children, but compared to adults, childhood multimorbidity attracts less attention in research and... Michael Fleming and colleagues investigate educational outcomes among children with comorbid depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism, or... BackgroundNeurodevelopmental conditions commonly coexist in children, but compared to adults, childhood multimorbidity attracts less attention in research and... [...]there is a paucity of literature reporting outcomes for children with coexisting neurodevelopmental conditions [31–33]. Databases Four Scotland-wide... |
| SourceID | plos doaj pubmedcentral proquest gale crossref pubmed |
| SourceType | Open Website Open Access Repository Aggregation Database Index Database |
| StartPage | e1003290 |
| SubjectTerms | Absenteeism Academic failure Adolescent Age Anxiety Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - epidemiology Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Autism Autism Spectrum Disorder - epidemiology Biology and Life Sciences Birth weight Causes of Census Censuses Child Child & adolescent psychiatry Child, Preschool Children Children & youth Cohort analysis Cohort Studies Comorbidity Databases, Factual Depression - epidemiology Developmental disabilities Education Educational aspects Educational Status Employment Ethnicity Female Gestational Age Health aspects Hospitalization Humans Incidence Intellectual disabilities Male Medicine and Health Sciences Mental depression Mental disorders Mental health Multimorbidity Multimorbidity - trends Multiple births Neurodevelopmental Disorders - epidemiology Odds Ratio Pediatric research People and Places Population-based studies Prevalence Retrospective Studies Schools Scotland - epidemiology Serotonin uptake inhibitors Social Sciences Statistics Venlafaxine Young Adult |
| SummonAdditionalLinks | – databaseName: Directory of Open Access Journals dbid: DOA link: http://sdu.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1Lb9QwELZgD4gLorwaWMAgBKdQx07ihNsCrcqBIlFA3Cw7ttuVSrLa7P6E_m9mnAcNWokeuK4_Rdr5xo-xZ74h5FVqcqxvTGJgl8epYSY22pRxUVgI3YR1tsJA8fhUnvwsPh6iTM7Y6gtzwjp54M5wBym3eWaMlFmm08RaCOa4Z5jmyzWEdZ0SKMuHYKoPtUoWbldQfyxOuJR90ZyQyUHP0dsV7DaYIyA4rsdXNqWg3T-u0LPVRdPuOn7-nUV5ZVs6ukvu9OdJuuj-xx654ep75Nbn_sX8PrkM6hv2T2oQgEMS4a9mbZYWzuBU15a6Ic8DhpvtBtzQtbTxNPS7X7bntA1qnUPp9zu6oKux9VeMW6Gl3X0PxSdhWKQott5db2jQr31Avh8dfvtwHPetF-KqEGwTWyYcmMY52L7KjBnDvJE60a4qvLfC88qy3HuR-pxLA3QURtpcQmxZVjIBxEMyq5va7ROqpUukl7aUTKcVK7WoEu1tBZ-Q2ksWkXiwvVp1ChsqPLNJiEw6IyrkSvVcReQ9EjRiUR87_ABeo3qvUf_ymog8R3pVV2w6znK1gHCMowiijMjLgECNjBqTcM70tm3Vpy8_rgE6PbkO6OsE9KYH-Qa8qdJ9dQTYEAW6JsjXE-RZJ0--CzifAGHdqCbD--jag41bxUOzgSLLwTrzwd13D78Yh_GjmKZXu2aLGDi_CzgDA0uPutkx8oQXZ0WZZhGRk3kzIXI6Ui_Pg-A5sCggzHj8P5h_Qm5zvDLBpCQxJ7PNeuuekput3T4LS8hvqtp4TQ priority: 102 providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals |
| Title | Neurodevelopmental multimorbidity and educational outcomes of Scottish schoolchildren: A population-based record linkage cohort study |
| URI | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33048945 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2479468564 https://search.proquest.com/docview/2451133890 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC7553326 https://doaj.org/article/42d65bb7755a41dd9072f0eade2a7424 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003290 |
| Volume | 17 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| link | http://sdu.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1Lb9NAEF6RHKpeEO8GQlkQgpOT9drx2txCaVUOLYgC4mbtM43U2FGc_AT-NzPrBzXKoeKa_WxFM7O7M-tvviXkbawS7G8MA_AuD2LFVKCkyoI0NVC6RcYajYXi-ZW4_JV-OkWZnFnbC-NJ-1otJ8XNalIsrz23cr3S05YnNv16cSJmkKTwZDogA8gN2xK9qbIy5g9WUHosCLkQTb9cJMJp457JGjYapAdEAD4kB1jSpxk2NN3amryCf7dOD9c3ZbUvCf2XS3lrczp7QO43WSWd1__-Iblni0fk4KL5bv6Y_PYaHOYvQQjAnkq4KjdqaSATp7Iw1LZsDxgud1sIRlvR0lF_6_2yuqaV1-xsG8A_0DlddxeABbghGlqf-lD8MAxLFcULeDdb6lVsn5AfZ6ffT86D5gKGQKcR2waGRRasZC1sYtmMKcWcEjKUVqfOmchxbVjiXBS7hAvFrEyVMImACjPTIgTEUzIsysIeESqFDYUTJhNMxpplMtKhdEbDK4R0go1I0No-X9c6G7n_2CagPqmNmKPb8sZtI_IRHdRhUSXb_1BuFnkTK3nMTTJTSkC8yDg0JmOCO4YUcS5FzOMReYXuzeuW026u53MoyjhKIYoReeMRqJRRIBVnIXdVlX_-8vMOoKvLu4C-9UDvG5ArIZq0bHokwIYo09VDvushF7VI-T7guAeE1UP3ho8wtFsbVzn3Vw6kswSsM27Dff_w624YX4pkvcKWO8RAFh9BJgxeelbPjs5P7VwbEdGbNz1H9kdgFfCy582sf_7fT74ghxxPS5CPFI3JcLvZ2ZdkUJndsT-KOfYLyR8pt3m4 |
| link.rule.ids | 230,315,729,782,786,866,887,2106,27933,27934,53800,53802 |
| linkProvider | National Library of Medicine |
| linkToHtml | http://sdu.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1bb9MwFLZYkcZeuMMKhRmE4Cmtc2mc8FbGpk6sBdEx8RbZsd1VWpOqaX8C_5tznAsL6sO0154vkerjY58Tf-czIR8CGWJ_o-uAdz0nkEw6UsjYiSIFpZuvtEqxUBzP-PR39PUEZXKGdS-MJe2nctHPrpf9bHFluZWrZTqoeWKDH5NjPoQkxQsHe-Q-xCtjdZFe1Vkxs59WUHzMcT3Oq445n7uDykH9FWw1SBDwAXxA9rGoj2JsabqxOVkN_2al7qyu82JXGvo_m_LG9nT66I5_7DF5WOWjdFSan5B7OntK9ifVifsz8seqd6h_1CIAWxLiMl_LhYIcnopMUV3zRMCcbzcwjXVBc0NnKP2wKK5oYdU-69bxz3REV83VYQ5upYqW34soHinDIkfx6t71hlr92-fk1-nJxfHYqa5ucNLIZxtHMV_D6GoN2188ZFIyI7lwhU4jY5RvvFSx0Bg_MKHHJdMiklyFHGrTOOUuIF6QTpZn-pBQwbXLDVcxZyJIWSz81BVGpfAKLgxnXeLUPktWpUJHYo_pOFQ25SAm6O6kcneXfEHHNljU17Y_5Ot5UjkjCTwVDqXk4BARuErFjHuGIbncEzzwgi45wmmRlM2qzSqRjKCc81BEkXfJe4tAjY0MSTxzsS2K5Oz75S1As-ltQD9boE8VyOQwC1NRdVfAGKLAVwv5sYWcl_Lmu4C9FhDWnbRlPsSQqMe4SDx7WUE0DGF0enWY7Da_a8z4UqT5ZTrfIgbyfx9yaPDSyzKqGj_VMdolvBVvLUe2LRBmVjC9CqtXd37yiDwYX0zOk_Oz6bfX5MDDby7IavJ7pLNZb_Ubsleo7Vu7DP0FG76OSg |
| linkToPdf | http://sdu.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1bb9MwFLZYkaa9cIcVCjMIwVNWx0njhLeyizbBxsQA8Rb5ulVak6ppfwL_m3OcCwvawwSv9ZdI9edj-8Tf-UzI21glWN8YBsAuD2LFVKCkyoI0NZC6RcYajYni0bk4_ZnuH6BNTnfVlxftazXbLa7mu8Xs0msrF3M9bnVi47OTPTGBTQpPxgvjxhvkLsQs422i3uRaGfOfV9CALAi5EE3VXCTCcUPS7gKWGxQJRADeIpuY2KcZljVdW6C8j383Ww8WV2V101b0b0XltSXq8P5__LkH5F6zL6XTGvKQ3LHFI7J50py8Pya_vIuH-SMxArAXI87LpZoZ2MtTWRhqW70INJfrFQxnW9HS0XO0gJhVl7Tyrp9tCfkHOqWL7gqxAJdUQ-vvRhSPlmGyo3iF73JFvQ_uE_L98ODb3lHQXOEQ6DRiq8CwyEIPWwvLYDZhSjGnhAyl1alzJnJcG5Y4F8Uu4UIxK1MlTCIgR820CAHxlAyKsrDbhEphQ-GEyQSTsWaZjHQondHwCiGdYEMStLzli9qpI_fHdQIynLoTc6Q8bygfko9IbodFn23_Q7m8yBtC8pibZKKUAFJkHBqTMcEdQ5E5lyLm8ZDs4NDI66LVbrbIp5DWcTRTFEPyxiPQa6NAMc-FXFdVfvzlxy1A56e3AX3tgd43IFfCSNSyqbKAPkSjrx7yXQ95Uduc3wQc9YAw_-he8zaGRdvHVc79pQXpJIHeGbWhcnPz664ZX4pyv8KWa8RAHhDBXhpYelZHVsdTG6dDInox1yOy3wKh5o3Tm9B6_s9P7pDNs_3D_PPx6acXZIvjpxcUN0UjMlgt1_Yl2ajM-pWfiX4DTkyQyg |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Neurodevelopmental+multimorbidity+and+educational+outcomes+of+Scottish+schoolchildren%3A+A+population-based+record+linkage+cohort+study&rft.jtitle=PLoS+medicine&rft.au=Fleming%2C+Michael&rft.au=Salim%2C+Ehsan+E&rft.au=Mackay%2C+Daniel+F&rft.au=Henderson%2C+Angela&rft.date=2020-10-13&rft.pub=Public+Library+of+Science&rft.issn=1549-1277&rft.eissn=1549-1676&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=e1003290&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.1003290&rft.externalDBID=HAS_PDF_LINK |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1549-1676&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1549-1676&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1549-1676&client=summon |