Structural and functional changes of the human macula during acute exposure to high altitude
This study aimed to quantify structural and functional changes at the macula during acute exposure to high altitude and to assess their structure/function relationship. This work is related to the Tuebingen High Altitude Ophthalmology (THAO) study. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography and mi...
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| Published in: | PloS one Vol. 7; no. 4; p. e36155 |
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| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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30-04-2012
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| Abstract | This study aimed to quantify structural and functional changes at the macula during acute exposure to high altitude and to assess their structure/function relationship. This work is related to the Tuebingen High Altitude Ophthalmology (THAO) study.
Spectral domain optical coherence tomography and microperimetry were used to quantify changes of central retinal structure and function in 14 healthy subjects during acute exposure to high altitude (4559 m). High-resolution volume scans and fundus-controlled microperimetry of the posterior pole were performed in addition to best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) measurements and assessment of acute mountain sickness. Analysis of measurements at altitude vs. baseline revealed increased total retinal thickness (TRT) in all four outer ETDRS grid subfields during acute altitude exposure (TRT(outer) = 2.80 ± 1.00 μm; mean change ± 95%CI). This change was inverted towards the inner four subfields (TRT(inner) = -1.89 ± 0.97 μm) with significant reduction of TRT in the fovea (TRT(foveal) = -6.62 ± 0.90 μm) at altitude. BCVA revealed no significant difference compared to baseline (0.06 ± 0.08 logMAR). Microperimetry showed stable mean sensitivity in all but the foveal subfield (MS(foveal) = -1.12 ± 0.68 dB). At baseline recordings before and >2 weeks after high altitude exposure, all subjects showed equal levels with no sign of persisting structural or functional sequels.
During acute exposure to high altitude central retinal thickness is subject to minor, yet statistically significant changes. These alterations describe a function of eccentricity with an increase in regions with relatively higher retinal nerve fiber content and vascular arcades. However, these changes did not correlate with measures of central retinal function or acute mountain sickness. For the first time a quantitative approach has been used to assess these changes during acute, non-acclimatized high altitude exposure. |
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| AbstractList | This study aimed to quantify structural and functional changes at the macula during acute exposure to high altitude and to assess their structure/function relationship. This work is related to the Tuebingen High Altitude Ophthalmology (THAO) study. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography and microperimetry were used to quantify changes of central retinal structure and function in 14 healthy subjects during acute exposure to high altitude (4559 m). High-resolution volume scans and fundus-controlled microperimetry of the posterior pole were performed in addition to best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) measurements and assessment of acute mountain sickness. Analysis of measurements at altitude vs. baseline revealed increased total retinal thickness (TRT) in all four outer ETDRS grid subfields during acute altitude exposure (TRT.sub.outer = 2.80±1.00 [mu]m; mean change±95%CI). This change was inverted towards the inner four subfields (TRT.sub.inner = -1.89±0.97 [mu]m) with significant reduction of TRT in the fovea (TRT.sub.foveal = -6.62±0.90 [mu]m) at altitude. BCVA revealed no significant difference compared to baseline (0.06±0.08 logMAR). Microperimetry showed stable mean sensitivity in all but the foveal subfield (MS.sub.foveal = -1.12±0.68 dB). At baseline recordings before and >2 weeks after high altitude exposure, all subjects showed equal levels with no sign of persisting structural or functional sequels. During acute exposure to high altitude central retinal thickness is subject to minor, yet statistically significant changes. These alterations describe a function of eccentricity with an increase in regions with relatively higher retinal nerve fiber content and vascular arcades. However, these changes did not correlate with measures of central retinal function or acute mountain sickness. For the first time a quantitative approach has been used to assess these changes during acute, non-acclimatized high altitude exposure. Background This study aimed to quantify structural and functional changes at the macula during acute exposure to high altitude and to assess their structure/function relationship. This work is related to the Tuebingen High Altitude Ophthalmology (THAO) study. Methodology/Principal Findings Spectral domain optical coherence tomography and microperimetry were used to quantify changes of central retinal structure and function in 14 healthy subjects during acute exposure to high altitude (4559 m). High-resolution volume scans and fundus-controlled microperimetry of the posterior pole were performed in addition to best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) measurements and assessment of acute mountain sickness. Analysis of measurements at altitude vs. baseline revealed increased total retinal thickness (TRT) in all four outer ETDRS grid subfields during acute altitude exposure (TRT outer = 2.80±1.00 μm; mean change±95%CI). This change was inverted towards the inner four subfields (TRT inner = −1.89±0.97 μm) with significant reduction of TRT in the fovea (TRT foveal = −6.62±0.90 μm) at altitude. BCVA revealed no significant difference compared to baseline (0.06±0.08 logMAR). Microperimetry showed stable mean sensitivity in all but the foveal subfield (MS foveal = −1.12±0.68 dB). At baseline recordings before and >2 weeks after high altitude exposure, all subjects showed equal levels with no sign of persisting structural or functional sequels. Conclusions/Significance During acute exposure to high altitude central retinal thickness is subject to minor, yet statistically significant changes. These alterations describe a function of eccentricity with an increase in regions with relatively higher retinal nerve fiber content and vascular arcades. However, these changes did not correlate with measures of central retinal function or acute mountain sickness. For the first time a quantitative approach has been used to assess these changes during acute, non-acclimatized high altitude exposure. Background This study aimed to quantify structural and functional changes at the macula during acute exposure to high altitude and to assess their structure/function relationship. This work is related to the Tuebingen High Altitude Ophthalmology (THAO) study. Methodology/Principal Findings Spectral domain optical coherence tomography and microperimetry were used to quantify changes of central retinal structure and function in 14 healthy subjects during acute exposure to high altitude (4559 m). High-resolution volume scans and fundus-controlled microperimetry of the posterior pole were performed in addition to best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) measurements and assessment of acute mountain sickness. Analysis of measurements at altitude vs. baseline revealed increased total retinal thickness (TRT) in all four outer ETDRS grid subfields during acute altitude exposure (TRT.sub.outer = 2.80±1.00 [mu]m; mean change±95%CI). This change was inverted towards the inner four subfields (TRT.sub.inner = -1.89±0.97 [mu]m) with significant reduction of TRT in the fovea (TRT.sub.foveal = -6.62±0.90 [mu]m) at altitude. BCVA revealed no significant difference compared to baseline (0.06±0.08 logMAR). Microperimetry showed stable mean sensitivity in all but the foveal subfield (MS.sub.foveal = -1.12±0.68 dB). At baseline recordings before and >2 weeks after high altitude exposure, all subjects showed equal levels with no sign of persisting structural or functional sequels. Conclusions/Significance During acute exposure to high altitude central retinal thickness is subject to minor, yet statistically significant changes. These alterations describe a function of eccentricity with an increase in regions with relatively higher retinal nerve fiber content and vascular arcades. However, these changes did not correlate with measures of central retinal function or acute mountain sickness. For the first time a quantitative approach has been used to assess these changes during acute, non-acclimatized high altitude exposure. BACKGROUNDThis study aimed to quantify structural and functional changes at the macula during acute exposure to high altitude and to assess their structure/function relationship. This work is related to the Tuebingen High Altitude Ophthalmology (THAO) study. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGSSpectral domain optical coherence tomography and microperimetry were used to quantify changes of central retinal structure and function in 14 healthy subjects during acute exposure to high altitude (4559 m). High-resolution volume scans and fundus-controlled microperimetry of the posterior pole were performed in addition to best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) measurements and assessment of acute mountain sickness. Analysis of measurements at altitude vs. baseline revealed increased total retinal thickness (TRT) in all four outer ETDRS grid subfields during acute altitude exposure (TRT(outer) = 2.80 ± 1.00 μm; mean change ± 95%CI). This change was inverted towards the inner four subfields (TRT(inner) = -1.89 ± 0.97 μm) with significant reduction of TRT in the fovea (TRT(foveal) = -6.62 ± 0.90 μm) at altitude. BCVA revealed no significant difference compared to baseline (0.06 ± 0.08 logMAR). Microperimetry showed stable mean sensitivity in all but the foveal subfield (MS(foveal) = -1.12 ± 0.68 dB). At baseline recordings before and >2 weeks after high altitude exposure, all subjects showed equal levels with no sign of persisting structural or functional sequels. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCEDuring acute exposure to high altitude central retinal thickness is subject to minor, yet statistically significant changes. These alterations describe a function of eccentricity with an increase in regions with relatively higher retinal nerve fiber content and vascular arcades. However, these changes did not correlate with measures of central retinal function or acute mountain sickness. For the first time a quantitative approach has been used to assess these changes during acute, non-acclimatized high altitude exposure. Background This study aimed to quantify structural and functional changes at the macula during acute exposure to high altitude and to assess their structure/function relationship. This work is related to the Tuebingen High Altitude Ophthalmology (THAO) study. Methodology/Principal Findings Spectral domain optical coherence tomography and microperimetry were used to quantify changes of central retinal structure and function in 14 healthy subjects during acute exposure to high altitude (4559 m). High-resolution volume scans and fundus-controlled microperimetry of the posterior pole were performed in addition to best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) measurements and assessment of acute mountain sickness. Analysis of measurements at altitude vs. baseline revealed increased total retinal thickness (TRT) in all four outer ETDRS grid subfields during acute altitude exposure (TRTouter = 2.80±1.00 μm; mean change±95%CI). This change was inverted towards the inner four subfields (TRTinner = −1.89±0.97 μm) with significant reduction of TRT in the fovea (TRTfoveal = −6.62±0.90 μm) at altitude. BCVA revealed no significant difference compared to baseline (0.06±0.08 logMAR). Microperimetry showed stable mean sensitivity in all but the foveal subfield (MSfoveal = −1.12±0.68 dB). At baseline recordings before and >2 weeks after high altitude exposure, all subjects showed equal levels with no sign of persisting structural or functional sequels. Conclusions/Significance During acute exposure to high altitude central retinal thickness is subject to minor, yet statistically significant changes. These alterations describe a function of eccentricity with an increase in regions with relatively higher retinal nerve fiber content and vascular arcades. However, these changes did not correlate with measures of central retinal function or acute mountain sickness. For the first time a quantitative approach has been used to assess these changes during acute, non-acclimatized high altitude exposure. This study aimed to quantify structural and functional changes at the macula during acute exposure to high altitude and to assess their structure/function relationship. This work is related to the Tuebingen High Altitude Ophthalmology (THAO) study. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography and microperimetry were used to quantify changes of central retinal structure and function in 14 healthy subjects during acute exposure to high altitude (4559 m). High-resolution volume scans and fundus-controlled microperimetry of the posterior pole were performed in addition to best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) measurements and assessment of acute mountain sickness. Analysis of measurements at altitude vs. baseline revealed increased total retinal thickness (TRT) in all four outer ETDRS grid subfields during acute altitude exposure (TRT(outer) = 2.80 ± 1.00 μm; mean change ± 95%CI). This change was inverted towards the inner four subfields (TRT(inner) = -1.89 ± 0.97 μm) with significant reduction of TRT in the fovea (TRT(foveal) = -6.62 ± 0.90 μm) at altitude. BCVA revealed no significant difference compared to baseline (0.06 ± 0.08 logMAR). Microperimetry showed stable mean sensitivity in all but the foveal subfield (MS(foveal) = -1.12 ± 0.68 dB). At baseline recordings before and >2 weeks after high altitude exposure, all subjects showed equal levels with no sign of persisting structural or functional sequels. During acute exposure to high altitude central retinal thickness is subject to minor, yet statistically significant changes. These alterations describe a function of eccentricity with an increase in regions with relatively higher retinal nerve fiber content and vascular arcades. However, these changes did not correlate with measures of central retinal function or acute mountain sickness. For the first time a quantitative approach has been used to assess these changes during acute, non-acclimatized high altitude exposure. BACKGROUND: This study aimed to quantify structural and functional changes at the macula during acute exposure to high altitude and to assess their structure/function relationship. This work is related to the Tuebingen High Altitude Ophthalmology (THAO) study. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Spectral domain optical coherence tomography and microperimetry were used to quantify changes of central retinal structure and function in 14 healthy subjects during acute exposure to high altitude (4559 m). High-resolution volume scans and fundus-controlled microperimetry of the posterior pole were performed in addition to best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) measurements and assessment of acute mountain sickness. Analysis of measurements at altitude vs. baseline revealed increased total retinal thickness (TRT) in all four outer ETDRS grid subfields during acute altitude exposure (TRT(outer) = 2.80 ± 1.00 μm; mean change ± 95%CI). This change was inverted towards the inner four subfields (TRT(inner) = -1.89 ± 0.97 μm) with significant reduction of TRT in the fovea (TRT(foveal) = -6.62 ± 0.90 μm) at altitude. BCVA revealed no significant difference compared to baseline (0.06 ± 0.08 logMAR). Microperimetry showed stable mean sensitivity in all but the foveal subfield (MS(foveal) = -1.12 ± 0.68 dB). At baseline recordings before and >2 weeks after high altitude exposure, all subjects showed equal levels with no sign of persisting structural or functional sequels. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: During acute exposure to high altitude central retinal thickness is subject to minor, yet statistically significant changes. These alterations describe a function of eccentricity with an increase in regions with relatively higher retinal nerve fiber content and vascular arcades. However, these changes did not correlate with measures of central retinal function or acute mountain sickness. For the first time a quantitative approach has been used to assess these changes during acute, non-acclimatized high altitude exposure. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Schommer, Kai Fischer, M Dominik Zhour, Ahmad Schatz, Andreas Zrenner, Eberhart Bartz-Schmidt, Karl U Willmann, Gabriel Gekeler, Florian |
| AuthorAffiliation | 2 Department of Sports Medicine, Medical Clinic, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany Washington University School of Medicine, United States of America 1 Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 2 Department of Sports Medicine, Medical Clinic, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany – name: 1 Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany – name: Washington University School of Medicine, United States of America |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: M Dominik surname: Fischer fullname: Fischer, M Dominik organization: Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany – sequence: 2 givenname: Gabriel surname: Willmann fullname: Willmann, Gabriel – sequence: 3 givenname: Andreas surname: Schatz fullname: Schatz, Andreas – sequence: 4 givenname: Kai surname: Schommer fullname: Schommer, Kai – sequence: 5 givenname: Ahmad surname: Zhour fullname: Zhour, Ahmad – sequence: 6 givenname: Eberhart surname: Zrenner fullname: Zrenner, Eberhart – sequence: 7 givenname: Karl U surname: Bartz-Schmidt fullname: Bartz-Schmidt, Karl U – sequence: 8 givenname: Florian surname: Gekeler fullname: Gekeler, Florian |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22558365$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | COPYRIGHT 2012 Public Library of Science 2012 Fischer et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. Fischer et al. 2012 |
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| DOI | 10.1371/journal.pone.0036155 |
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| DocumentTitleAlternate | Macular Changes at High Altitude |
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| Editor | Apte, Rajendra S. |
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| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Conceived and designed the experiments: MDF GW AS FG KS. Performed the experiments: MDF GW AS FG KS. Analyzed the data: MDF AS AZ GW KS FG. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: FG KS EZ KUBS. Wrote the paper: MDF GW AS FG KS. Current address: Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom |
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| Snippet | This study aimed to quantify structural and functional changes at the macula during acute exposure to high altitude and to assess their structure/function... Background This study aimed to quantify structural and functional changes at the macula during acute exposure to high altitude and to assess their... BACKGROUNDThis study aimed to quantify structural and functional changes at the macula during acute exposure to high altitude and to assess their... BACKGROUND: This study aimed to quantify structural and functional changes at the macula during acute exposure to high altitude and to assess their... Background This study aimed to quantify structural and functional changes at the macula during acute exposure to high altitude and to assess their... |
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| Title | Structural and functional changes of the human macula during acute exposure to high altitude |
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