Fate of Carbohydrates and Lignin during Composting and Mycelium Growth of Agaricus bisporus on Wheat Straw Based Compost

In wheat straw based composting, enabling growth of Agaricus bisporus mushrooms, it is unknown to which extent the carbohydrate-lignin matrix changes and how much is metabolized. In this paper we report yields and remaining structures of the major components. During the Phase II of composting 50% of...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	PloS one Vol. 10; no. 10; p. e0138909
Main Authors:	Jurak, Edita, Punt, Arjen M, Arts, Wim, Kabel, Mirjam A, Gruppen, Harry
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States Public Library of Science 05-10-2015 Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Subjects:	Agaricus Agaricus - growth & development Agaricus - metabolism Agaricus bisporus Ammonia Basidiocarps Biological activity Carbohydrate Metabolism Carbohydrates Cellulose Chemistry Composting Composts Experiments Food Food Chemistry Food Chemistry Group Genetic aspects Genomes Growth Laboratories Leerstoelgroep Levensmiddelenchemie Levensmiddelenchemie Lignin Lignin - metabolism Lignocellulose Manures Microbial activity Microbiota Microorganisms Mushrooms Mycelium - growth & development Mycelium - metabolism Phenolic compounds Phenols Physiological aspects Plant Proteins - metabolism Proteins Pyrolysis Soil - chemistry Soil Microbiology Straw Triticum - chemistry VLAG Wheat Wheat straw Xylan Netherlands United States > US
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Summary:	In wheat straw based composting, enabling growth of Agaricus bisporus mushrooms, it is unknown to which extent the carbohydrate-lignin matrix changes and how much is metabolized. In this paper we report yields and remaining structures of the major components. During the Phase II of composting 50% of both xylan and cellulose were metabolized by microbial activity, while lignin structures were unaltered. During A. bisporus' mycelium growth (Phase III) carbohydrates were only slightly consumed and xylan was found to be partially degraded. At the same time, lignin was metabolized for 45% based on pyrolysis GC/MS. Remaining lignin was found to be modified by an increase in the ratio of syringyl (S) to guaiacyl (G) units from 0.5 to 0.7 during mycelium growth, while fewer decorations on the phenolic skeleton of both S and G units remained.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Conceived and designed the experiments: EJ WA MK HG. Performed the experiments: EJ. Analyzed the data: EJ AP. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: EJ AP WA MK HG. Wrote the paper: EJ AP WA MK HG. Competing Interests: EJ, WA, MK and GH were partly supported financially by CNC Grondstoffen B.V., Walkro International B.V., Sylvan Inc. and DSM Food Specialities. Wim Arts is employed by C4C Grondstoffen B.V. There are no patents, products in development or marketed products to declare. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials, as detailed online in the guide for authors.
ISSN:	1932-6203 1932-6203
DOI:	10.1371/journal.pone.0138909