Modulating uranium binding affinity in engineered calmodulin EF-hand peptides: effect of phosphorylation

To improve our understanding of uranium toxicity, the determinants of uranyl affinity in proteins must be better characterized. In this work, we analyzed the contribution of a phosphoryl group on uranium binding affinity in a protein binding site, using the site 1 EF-hand motif of calmodulin. The re...

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Published in:PloS one Vol. 7; no. 8; p. e41922
Main Authors: Pardoux, Romain, Sauge-Merle, Sandrine, Lemaire, David, Delangle, Pascale, Guilloreau, Luc, Adriano, Jean-Marc, Berthomieu, Catherine
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States Public Library of Science 03-08-2012
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Abstract To improve our understanding of uranium toxicity, the determinants of uranyl affinity in proteins must be better characterized. In this work, we analyzed the contribution of a phosphoryl group on uranium binding affinity in a protein binding site, using the site 1 EF-hand motif of calmodulin. The recombinant domain 1 of calmodulin from A. thaliana was engineered to impair metal binding at site 2 and was used as a structured template. Threonine at position 9 of the loop was phosphorylated in vitro, using the recombinant catalytic subunit of protein kinase CK2. Hence, the T(9)TKE(12) sequence was substituted by the CK2 recognition sequence TAAE. A tyrosine was introduced at position 7, so that uranyl and calcium binding affinities could be determined by following tyrosine fluorescence. Phosphorylation was characterized by ESI-MS spectrometry, and the phosphorylated peptide was purified to homogeneity using ion-exchange chromatography. The binding constants for uranyl were determined by competition experiments with iminodiacetate. At pH 6, phosphorylation increased the affinity for uranyl by a factor of ∼5, from K(d) = 25±6 nM to K(d) = 5±1 nM. The phosphorylated peptide exhibited a much larger affinity at pH 7, with a dissociation constant in the subnanomolar range (K(d) = 0.25±0.06 nM). FTIR analyses showed that the phosphothreonine side chain is partly protonated at pH 6, while it is fully deprotonated at pH 7. Moreover, formation of the uranyl-peptide complex at pH 7 resulted in significant frequency shifts of the ν(as)(P-O) and ν(s)(P-O) IR modes of phosphothreonine, supporting its direct interaction with uranyl. Accordingly, a bathochromic shift in ν(as)(UO(2))(2+) vibration (from 923 cm(-1) to 908 cm(-1)) was observed upon uranyl coordination to the phosphorylated peptide. Together, our data demonstrate that the phosphoryl group plays a determining role in uranyl binding affinity to proteins at physiological pH.
AbstractList To improve our understanding of uranium toxicity, the determinants of uranyl affinity in proteins must be better characterized. In this work, we analyzed the contribution of a phosphoryl group on uranium binding affinity in a protein binding site, using the site 1 EF-hand motif of calmodulin. The recombinant domain 1 of calmodulin from A. thaliana was engineered to impair metal binding at site 2 and was used as a structured template. Threonine at position 9 of the loop was phosphorylated in vitro , using the recombinant catalytic subunit of protein kinase CK2. Hence, the T 9 TKE 12 sequence was substituted by the CK2 recognition sequence TAAE. A tyrosine was introduced at position 7, so that uranyl and calcium binding affinities could be determined by following tyrosine fluorescence. Phosphorylation was characterized by ESI-MS spectrometry, and the phosphorylated peptide was purified to homogeneity using ion-exchange chromatography. The binding constants for uranyl were determined by competition experiments with iminodiacetate. At pH 6, phosphorylation increased the affinity for uranyl by a factor of ∼5, from K d  = 25±6 nM to K d  = 5±1 nM. The phosphorylated peptide exhibited a much larger affinity at pH 7, with a dissociation constant in the subnanomolar range (K d  = 0.25±0.06 nM). FTIR analyses showed that the phosphothreonine side chain is partly protonated at pH 6, while it is fully deprotonated at pH 7. Moreover, formation of the uranyl-peptide complex at pH 7 resulted in significant frequency shifts of the ν as (P-O) and ν s (P-O) IR modes of phosphothreonine, supporting its direct interaction with uranyl. Accordingly, a bathochromic shift in ν as (UO 2 ) 2+ vibration (from 923 cm −1 to 908 cm −1 ) was observed upon uranyl coordination to the phosphorylated peptide. Together, our data demonstrate that the phosphoryl group plays a determining role in uranyl binding affinity to proteins at physiological pH.
To improve our understanding of uranium toxicity, the determinants of uranyl affinity in proteins must be better characterized. In this work, we analyzed the contribution of a phosphoryl group on uranium binding affinity in a protein binding site, using the site 1 EF-hand motif of calmodulin. The recombinant domain 1 of calmodulin from A. thaliana was engineered to impair metal binding at site 2 and was used as a structured template. Threonine at position 9 of the loop was phosphorylated in vitro, using the recombinant catalytic subunit of protein kinase CK2. Hence, the T.sub.9 TKE.sub.12 sequence was substituted by the CK2 recognition sequence TAAE. A tyrosine was introduced at position 7, so that uranyl and calcium binding affinities could be determined by following tyrosine fluorescence. Phosphorylation was characterized by ESI-MS spectrometry, and the phosphorylated peptide was purified to homogeneity using ion-exchange chromatography. The binding constants for uranyl were determined by competition experiments with iminodiacetate. At pH 6, phosphorylation increased the affinity for uranyl by a factor of ~5, from K.sub.d = 25±6 nM to K.sub.d = 5±1 nM. The phosphorylated peptide exhibited a much larger affinity at pH 7, with a dissociation constant in the subnanomolar range (K.sub.d = 0.25±0.06 nM). FTIR analyses showed that the phosphothreonine side chain is partly protonated at pH 6, while it is fully deprotonated at pH 7. Moreover, formation of the uranyl-peptide complex at pH 7 resulted in significant frequency shifts of the [nu].sub.as (P-O) and [nu].sub.s (P-O) IR modes of phosphothreonine, supporting its direct interaction with uranyl. Accordingly, a bathochromic shift in [nu].sub.as (UO.sub.2).sup.2+ vibration (from 923 cm.sup.-1 to 908 cm.sup.-1) was observed upon uranyl coordination to the phosphorylated peptide. Together, our data demonstrate that the phosphoryl group plays a determining role in uranyl binding affinity to proteins at physiological pH.
To improve our understanding of uranium toxicity, the determinants of uranyl affinity in proteins must be better characterized. In this work, we analyzed the contribution of a phosphoryl group on uranium binding affinity in a protein binding site, using the site 1 EF-hand motif of calmodulin. The recombinant domain 1 of calmodulin from A. thaliana was engineered to impair metal binding at site 2 and was used as a structured template. Threonine at position 9 of the loop was phosphorylated in vitro , using the recombinant catalytic subunit of protein kinase CK2. Hence, the T 9 TKE 12 sequence was substituted by the CK2 recognition sequence TAAE. A tyrosine was introduced at position 7, so that uranyl and calcium binding affinities could be determined by following tyrosine fluorescence. Phosphorylation was characterized by ESI-MS spectrometry, and the phosphorylated peptide was purified to homogeneity using ion-exchange chromatography. The binding constants for uranyl were determined by competition experiments with iminodiacetate. At pH 6, phosphorylation increased the affinity for uranyl by a factor of ∼5, from K d  = 25±6 nM to K d  = 5±1 nM. The phosphorylated peptide exhibited a much larger affinity at pH 7, with a dissociation constant in the subnanomolar range (K d  = 0.25±0.06 nM). FTIR analyses showed that the phosphothreonine side chain is partly protonated at pH 6, while it is fully deprotonated at pH 7. Moreover, formation of the uranyl-peptide complex at pH 7 resulted in significant frequency shifts of the ν as (P-O) and ν s (P-O) IR modes of phosphothreonine, supporting its direct interaction with uranyl. Accordingly, a bathochromic shift in ν as (UO 2 ) 2+ vibration (from 923 cm −1 to 908 cm −1 ) was observed upon uranyl coordination to the phosphorylated peptide. Together, our data demonstrate that the phosphoryl group plays a determining role in uranyl binding affinity to proteins at physiological pH.
To improve our understanding of uranium toxicity, the determinants of uranyl affinity in proteins must be better characterized. In this work, we analyzed the contribution of a phosphoryl group on uranium binding affinity in a protein binding site, using the site 1 EF-hand motif of calmodulin. The recombinant domain 1 of calmodulin from A. thaliana was engineered to impair metal binding at site 2 and was used as a structured template. Threonine at position 9 of the loop was phosphorylated in vitro, using the recombinant catalytic subunit of protein kinase CK2. Hence, the T9TKE12 sequence was substituted by the CK2 recognition sequence TAAE. A tyrosine was introduced at position 7, so that uranyl and calcium binding affinities could be determined by following tyrosine fluorescence. Phosphorylation was characterized by ESI-MS spectrometry, and the phosphorylated peptide was purified to homogeneity using ion-exchange chromatography. The binding constants for uranyl were determined by competition experiments with iminodiacetate. At pH 6, phosphorylation increased the affinity for uranyl by a factor of ,5, from Kd = 2566 nM to Kd = 561 nM. The phosphorylated peptide exhibited a much larger affinity at pH 7, with a dissociation constant in the subnanomolar range (Kd = 0.2560.06 nM). FTIR analyses showed that the phosphothreonine side chain is partly protonated at pH 6, while it is fully deprotonated at pH 7. Moreover, formation of the uranyl-peptide complex at pH 7 resulted in significant frequency shifts of the nas(P-O) and ns(PO) IR modes of phosphothreonine, supporting its direct interaction with uranyl. Accordingly, a bathochromic shift in nas(UO2)2+ vibration (from 923 cm-1 to 908 cm-1) was observed upon uranyl coordination to the phosphorylated peptide.Together, our data demonstrate that the phosphoryl group plays a determining role in uranyl binding affinity to proteins at physiological pH.
To improve our understanding of uranium toxicity, the determinants of uranyl affinity in proteins must be better characterized. In this work, we analyzed the contribution of a phosphoryl group on uranium binding affinity in a protein binding site, using the site 1 EF-hand motif of calmodulin. The recombinant domain 1 of calmodulin from A. thaliana was engineered to impair metal binding at site 2 and was used as a structured template. Threonine at position 9 of the loop was phosphorylated in vitro, using the recombinant catalytic subunit of protein kinase CK2. Hence, the T9TKE12 sequence was substituted by the CK2 recognition sequence TAAE. A tyrosine was introduced at position 7, so that uranyl and calcium binding affinities could be determined by following tyrosine fluorescence. Phosphorylation was characterized by ESI-MS spectrometry, and the phosphorylated peptide was purified to homogeneity using ion-exchange chromatography. The binding constants for uranyl were determined by competition experiments with iminodiacetate. At pH 6, phosphorylation increased the affinity for uranyl by a factor of ∼5, from Kd = 25±6 nM to Kd = 5±1 nM. The phosphorylated peptide exhibited a much larger affinity at pH 7, with a dissociation constant in the subnanomolar range (Kd = 0.25±0.06 nM). FTIR analyses showed that the phosphothreonine side chain is partly protonated at pH 6, while it is fully deprotonated at pH 7. Moreover, formation of the uranyl-peptide complex at pH 7 resulted in significant frequency shifts of the νas(P-O) and νs(P-O) IR modes of phosphothreonine, supporting its direct interaction with uranyl. Accordingly, a bathochromic shift in νas(UO2)2+ vibration (from 923 cm−1 to 908 cm−1) was observed upon uranyl coordination to the phosphorylated peptide. Together, our data demonstrate that the phosphoryl group plays a determining role in uranyl binding affinity to proteins at physiological pH.
To improve our understanding of uranium toxicity, the determinants of uranyl affinity in proteins must be better characterized. In this work, we analyzed the contribution of a phosphoryl group on uranium binding affinity in a protein binding site, using the site 1 EF-hand motif of calmodulin. The recombinant domain 1 of calmodulin from A. thaliana was engineered to impair metal binding at site 2 and was used as a structured template. Threonine at position 9 of the loop was phosphorylated in vitro, using the recombinant catalytic subunit of protein kinase CK2. Hence, the T(9)TKE(12) sequence was substituted by the CK2 recognition sequence TAAE. A tyrosine was introduced at position 7, so that uranyl and calcium binding affinities could be determined by following tyrosine fluorescence. Phosphorylation was characterized by ESI-MS spectrometry, and the phosphorylated peptide was purified to homogeneity using ion-exchange chromatography. The binding constants for uranyl were determined by competition experiments with iminodiacetate. At pH 6, phosphorylation increased the affinity for uranyl by a factor of ∼5, from K(d) = 25±6 nM to K(d) = 5±1 nM. The phosphorylated peptide exhibited a much larger affinity at pH 7, with a dissociation constant in the subnanomolar range (K(d) = 0.25±0.06 nM). FTIR analyses showed that the phosphothreonine side chain is partly protonated at pH 6, while it is fully deprotonated at pH 7. Moreover, formation of the uranyl-peptide complex at pH 7 resulted in significant frequency shifts of the ν(as)(P-O) and ν(s)(P-O) IR modes of phosphothreonine, supporting its direct interaction with uranyl. Accordingly, a bathochromic shift in ν(as)(UO(2))(2+) vibration (from 923 cm(-1) to 908 cm(-1)) was observed upon uranyl coordination to the phosphorylated peptide. Together, our data demonstrate that the phosphoryl group plays a determining role in uranyl binding affinity to proteins at physiological pH.
Audience Academic
Author Guilloreau, Luc
Berthomieu, Catherine
Pardoux, Romain
Delangle, Pascale
Lemaire, David
Sauge-Merle, Sandrine
Adriano, Jean-Marc
AuthorAffiliation 5 CEA, DSV IBEB, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, Saint Paul-lez-Durance, France
1 CEA, DSV IBEB, Laboratoire des Interactions Protéine-Métal, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
Medical School of Hannover, United States of America
3 Université d’Aix-Marseille, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
2 CNRS, UMR Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementale, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
4 CEA, INAC, Service de Chimie Inorganique et Biologique (UMR_E 3 CEA UJF), Grenoble, France
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 2 CNRS, UMR Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementale, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
– name: Medical School of Hannover, United States of America
– name: 4 CEA, INAC, Service de Chimie Inorganique et Biologique (UMR_E 3 CEA UJF), Grenoble, France
– name: 5 CEA, DSV IBEB, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, Saint Paul-lez-Durance, France
– name: 3 Université d’Aix-Marseille, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
– name: 1 CEA, DSV IBEB, Laboratoire des Interactions Protéine-Métal, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Romain
  surname: Pardoux
  fullname: Pardoux, Romain
  organization: CEA, DSV IBEB, Laboratoire des Interactions Protéine-Métal, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Sandrine
  surname: Sauge-Merle
  fullname: Sauge-Merle, Sandrine
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  givenname: David
  surname: Lemaire
  fullname: Lemaire, David
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Pascale
  surname: Delangle
  fullname: Delangle, Pascale
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Luc
  surname: Guilloreau
  fullname: Guilloreau, Luc
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Jean-Marc
  surname: Adriano
  fullname: Adriano, Jean-Marc
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Catherine
  surname: Berthomieu
  fullname: Berthomieu, Catherine
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22870263$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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ContentType Journal Article
Copyright COPYRIGHT 2012 Public Library of Science
Pardoux et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
2012 Pardoux et al 2012 Pardoux et al
Copyright_xml – notice: COPYRIGHT 2012 Public Library of Science
– notice: Pardoux et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
– notice: Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
– notice: 2012 Pardoux et al 2012 Pardoux et al
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DocumentTitleAlternate Phosphorylation Effect on Uranyl-Peptides Affinity
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Issue 8
Keywords peptides uranyl binding site phosphoryl group
Language English
License Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
Creative Commons Attribution License
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Notes Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Conceived and designed the experiments: RP SSM DL CB. Performed the experiments: RP SSM DL PD LG JMA. Analyzed the data: RP SSM DL PD CB. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: RP SSM DL PD JMA CB. Wrote the paper: RP SSM DL PD CB.
ORCID 0000-0001-8784-5396
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Snippet To improve our understanding of uranium toxicity, the determinants of uranyl affinity in proteins must be better characterized. In this work, we analyzed the...
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SubjectTerms Affinity
Amino acids
Analysis
Arabidopsis - chemistry
Arabidopsis - genetics
Arabidopsis - metabolism
Arabidopsis Proteins - chemistry
Arabidopsis Proteins - genetics
Arabidopsis Proteins - metabolism
Arabidopsis thaliana
Binding sites
Biochemistry
Biochemistry, Molecular Biology
Biology
Calcium
Calcium-binding protein
Calmodulin
Calmodulin - chemistry
Calmodulin - genetics
Calmodulin - metabolism
Casein kinase II
Casein Kinase II - chemistry
Casein Kinase II - genetics
Casein Kinase II - metabolism
Catalysis
Chemistry
Chromatography
Dissociation
EF-hand
Environmental Engineering
Environmental Sciences
Fluorescence
Homogeneity
Hydrogen ions
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Ion-exchange chromatography
Kinases
Life Sciences
Ligands
Paramecium
Peptides
pH effects
Phosphorylation
Physical chemistry
Physiological aspects
Protein Binding
Protein Engineering
Protein kinase C
Protein kinases
Protein Structure, Tertiary
Proteins
Recombinant Proteins - chemistry
Recombinant Proteins - genetics
Recombinant Proteins - metabolism
Spectrometry
Threonine
Toxicity
Tyrosine
Uranium
Uranium - chemistry
Uranium - metabolism
Uranium - toxicity
Uranium dioxide
Vibration
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Title Modulating uranium binding affinity in engineered calmodulin EF-hand peptides: effect of phosphorylation
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