Glutamate Receptor Interacting Protein 1 Mediates Platelet Adhesion and Thrombus Formation

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 11; no. 9; p. e0160638
• Main Authors: Modjeski, Kristina L, Ture, Sara K, Field, David J, Cameron, Scott J, Morrell, Craig N
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 15-09-2016; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: 14-3-3 protein; Adhesion; Analysis; Animals; Binding; Biology and Life Sciences; Bleeding; Blood clots; Blood platelets; Carrier Proteins - genetics; Carrier Proteins - physiology; Cell adhesion & migration; Cerebral infarction; Defects; Endothelium; Experiments; Glutamate; Glutamic acid receptors; Glycoproteins; GRIP1 protein; Health aspects; Heart attack; Hemostasis; Hemostatics; Humans; Immunology; Immunoprecipitation; Infarction; Iron chlorides; Kinases; Mass spectrometry; Mass spectroscopy; Medicine and Health Sciences; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Morbidity; Mutation; Myocardial infarction; Nerve Tissue Proteins - genetics; Nerve Tissue Proteins - physiology; Platelet Adhesiveness - physiology; Platelets; Protein binding; Proteins; Research and Analysis Methods; Scaffolding; Spectroscopy; Stimulation; Stroke; Studies; Thromboembolism; Thrombosis; Western blotting
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160638

Thrombosis-associated pathologies, such as myocardial infarction and stroke, are major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Because platelets are necessary for hemostasis and thrombosis, platelet directed therapies must balance inhibiting platelet function with bleeding risk. Glutamate receptor interacting protein 1 (GRIP1) is a large scaffolding protein that localizes and organizes interacting proteins in other cells, such as neurons. We have investigated the role of GRIP1 in platelet function to determine its role as a molecular scaffold in thrombus formation. Platelet-specific GRIP1-/- mice were used to determine the role of GRIP1 in platelets. GRIP1-/- mice had normal platelet counts, but a prolonged bleeding time and delayed thrombus formation in a FeCl3-induced vessel injury model. In vitro stimulation of WT and GRIP1-/- platelets with multiple agonists showed no difference in platelet activation. However, in vivo platelet rolling velocity after endothelial stimulation was significantly greater in GRIP1-/- platelets compared to WT platelets, indicating a potential platelet adhesion defect. Mass spectrometry analysis of GRIP1 platelet immunoprecipitation revealed enrichment of GRIP1 binding to GPIb-IX complex proteins. Western blots confirmed the mass spectrometry findings that GRIP1 interacts with GPIbα, GPIbβ, and 14-3-3. Additionally, in resting GRIP1-/- platelets, GPIbα and 14-3-3 have increased interaction compared to WT platelets. GRIP1 interactions with the GPIb-IX binding complex are necessary for normal platelet adhesion to a stimulated endothelium.