Mutagenicity and genotoxicity of PM 2.5 issued from an urbano‐industrialized area of Dunkerque (France)

• Published in: Journal of applied toxicology Vol. 31; no. 2; pp. 131 - 138
• Main Authors: André, V., Billet, S., Pottier, D., Le Goff, J., Pottier, I., Garçon, G., Shirali, P., Sichel, F.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: 01-03-2011
• ISSN: 0260-437X; 1099-1263
• DOI: 10.1002/jat.1572

Epidemiological studies have demonstrated the link between chronic exposure to particulate matter (PM), especially particles with an aerodynamic diameter lesser than 2.5 µm (PM
2.5
), and lung cancer. Mechanistic investigations focus on the contribution of the various genotoxicants adsorbed onto the particles, and more particularly on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons or nitroaromatics. Most of the previous studies dealing with genotoxic and/or mutagenic measurements were performed on organic extracts obtained from PM
2.5
collected in polluted areas. In contrast, we have evaluated genotoxic and mutagenic properties of urbano‐industrial PM
2.5
(PM) collected in Dunkerque (France). Thermally desorbed PM
2.5
(dPM) was also comparatively studied. Suspensions of PM and dPM (5–50 µg per plate) were tested in
Salmonella
tester strains TA98, TA102 and YG1041 ± S9mix. Significant mutagenicity was observed for PM in YG1041 ± S9 mix. In strain TA102 – S9mix, a slight, but not significant dose–response increase was observed, for both PM and dPM. Genotoxic properties of PM and dPM were evaluated by the measurement of (1) 8‐OHdG in A549 cells and (2) bulky DNA adducts on A549 cells and on human alveolar macrophages (AMs) in primary culture. A dose‐dependant formation of 8‐OHdG adducts was observed on A549 cells for PM and dPM, probably mainly attributed to the core of the particles. Bulky DNA adducts were observed only in AMs after exposure to PM and dPM. In conclusion, using relevant exposure models, suspension of PM
2.5
induces a combination of DNA‐interaction mechanisms, which could contribute to the induction of lung cancer in exposed populations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genotoxic and mutagenic properties of suspensions of PM
2.5
(PM) collected in Dunkerque (France) were evaluated together with their thermally desorbed counterpart (dPM). Significant mutagenicity was observed for PM only in
Salmonella
tester strains YG1041 ± S9 mix. For PM and dPM, a slight dose–response increase was observed in strain TA102 – S9mix. PM and dPM induced 8‐OHdG adducts formation on A549 cells in a dose‐dependent manner, together with bulky DNA adducts on human alveolar macrophages in primary culture.