Task-specific effects of tDCS-induced cortical excitability changes on cognitive and motor sequence set shifting performance

In this study, we tested the effects of transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on two set shifting tasks. Set shifting ability is defined as the capacity to switch between mental sets or actions and requires the activation of a distributed neural network. Thirty healthy subjects (fifteen per...

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Published in:	PloS one Vol. 6; no. 9; p. e24140
Main Authors:	Leite, Jorge, Carvalho, Sandra, Fregni, Felipe, Gonçalves, Óscar F
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States Public Library of Science 01-09-2011 Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Subjects:	Analysis Artificial neural networks Biology Cognition - physiology Cognitive ability Cognitive tasks Cortex (motor) Direct current Dopamine Electric Stimulation Electrical stimulation of the brain ESB Excitability Filtration Humans Laboratories Medicine Motor Cortex - physiology Motor task performance Neural networks Prefrontal cortex Prefrontal Cortex - physiology Reaction Time - physiology Social and Behavioral Sciences Stimulation Task analysis Task Performance and Analysis Tomography Transcranial magnetic stimulation
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Abstract	In this study, we tested the effects of transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on two set shifting tasks. Set shifting ability is defined as the capacity to switch between mental sets or actions and requires the activation of a distributed neural network. Thirty healthy subjects (fifteen per site) received anodal, cathodal and sham stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) or the primary motor cortex (M1). We measured set shifting in both cognitive and motor tasks. The results show that both anodal and cathodal single session tDCS can modulate cognitive and motor tasks. However, an interaction was found between task and type of stimulation as anodal tDCS of DLPFC and M1 was found to increase performance in the cognitive task, while cathodal tDCS of DLPFC and M1 had the opposite effect on the motor task. Additionally, tDCS effects seem to be most evident on the speed of changing sets, rather than on reducing the number of errors or increasing the efficacy of irrelevant set filtering.
AbstractList	In this study, we tested the effects of transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on two set shifting tasks. Set shifting ability is defined as the capacity to switch between mental sets or actions and requires the activation of a distributed neural network. Thirty healthy subjects (fifteen per site) received anodal, cathodal and sham stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) or the primary motor cortex (M1). We measured set shifting in both cognitive and motor tasks. The results show that both anodal and cathodal single session tDCS can modulate cognitive and motor tasks. However, an interaction was found between task and type of stimulation as anodal tDCS of DLPFC and M1 was found to increase performance in the cognitive task, while cathodal tDCS of DLPFC and M1 had the opposite effect on the motor task. Additionally, tDCS effects seem to be most evident on the speed of changing sets, rather than on reducing the number of errors or increasing the efficacy of irrelevant set filtering.
Audience	Academic
Author	Leite, Jorge Carvalho, Sandra Gonçalves, Óscar F Fregni, Felipe
AuthorAffiliation	1 Neuropsychophysiology Laboratory, CIPsi, School of Psychology (EPsi), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium 2 Neuromodulation Laboratory, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 1 Neuropsychophysiology Laboratory, CIPsi, School of Psychology (EPsi), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal – name: Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium – name: 2 Neuromodulation Laboratory, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Jorge surname: Leite fullname: Leite, Jorge email: jorgel@psi.uminho.pt organization: Neuropsychophysiology Laboratory, CIPsi, School of Psychology (EPsi), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal. jorgel@psi.uminho.pt – sequence: 2 givenname: Sandra surname: Carvalho fullname: Carvalho, Sandra – sequence: 3 givenname: Felipe surname: Fregni fullname: Fregni, Felipe – sequence: 4 givenname: Óscar F surname: Gonçalves fullname: Gonçalves, Óscar F
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21909415$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Copyright	COPYRIGHT 2011 Public Library of Science 2011 Leite et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. Leite et al. 2011
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Notes	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Conceived and designed the experiments: JL SC FF OFG. Performed the experiments: JL SC. Analyzed the data: JL SC FF OFG. Wrote the paper: JL SC FF OFG.
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Snippet	In this study, we tested the effects of transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on two set shifting tasks. Set shifting ability is defined as the...
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SubjectTerms	Analysis Artificial neural networks Biology Cognition - physiology Cognitive ability Cognitive tasks Cortex (motor) Direct current Dopamine Electric Stimulation Electrical stimulation of the brain ESB Excitability Filtration Humans Laboratories Medicine Motor Cortex - physiology Motor task performance Neural networks Prefrontal cortex Prefrontal Cortex - physiology Reaction Time - physiology Social and Behavioral Sciences Stimulation Task analysis Task Performance and Analysis Tomography Transcranial magnetic stimulation
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Title	Task-specific effects of tDCS-induced cortical excitability changes on cognitive and motor sequence set shifting performance
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