California's Proposition 69: A Dangerous Precedent for Criminal DNA Databases

On November 2, 2004, California voters approved Proposition 69, “The DNA Fingerprint, Unsolved Crime, and Innocence Protection Act” by a margin of approximately 60 to 40 percent. Given the limited amount of information provided to voters during the initiative process, it is unclear how many of the y...

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Published in:	The Journal of law, medicine & ethics Vol. 33; no. 2; pp. 279 - 293
Main Authors:	Simoneelli, Tania, Steinhardt, Barry
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 22-06-2005 SAGE Publications Sage Publications, Inc Cambridge University Press
Subjects:	Bioethics California Civil liberties Civil Rights - legislation & jurisprudence Confidentiality - legislation & jurisprudence Criminal evidence Criminal justice Criminal Law Criminals Databases, Genetic - legislation & jurisprudence Databases, Genetic - standards DNA evidence DNA Fingerprinting - legislation & jurisprudence DNA Fingerprinting - standards DNA fingerprints DNA identification DNA testing Evidence, Criminal Federal Government Forensic Sciences Genetics Government regulation Health technology assessment Humans Information Services Information Storage and Retrieval Laws, regulations and rules Politics Prejudice Prisoners Public Policy Social impact State Government State laws California Legal Approach Genetics and Reproduction
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Abstract	On November 2, 2004, California voters approved Proposition 69, “The DNA Fingerprint, Unsolved Crime, and Innocence Protection Act” by a margin of approximately 60 to 40 percent. Given the limited amount of information provided to voters during the initiative process, it is unclear how many of the yea-sayers were apprised of the full implications of this measure. Indeed, by voting “yes” on Proposition 69, California has elected to house the most radical and costly state criminal DNA database in the country. This dangerous expansion of California's database poses tremendous threats to civil liberties and social justice while offering little, if anything, by way of increasing the safety of its citizens. Prior to November 2, California law required the permanent retention of DNA samples from felons convicted of serious, violent crimes. The new law expands the database to include DNA samples from all felons and individuals with past felony convictions - including juveniles - and, beginning in five years, all adults arrested for any felony offense.
AbstractList	Whatever one's views on the appropriate size and function of forensic DNA databanks, all eyes will be on California as its experience with the new law unfolds. [...]it is with great pleasure that we publish this important article as the second in a series of scholarly articles to come out of ASLME's DNA Fingerprinting and Civil Liberties Project. [...]we provide a detailed critique of Proposition 69, including its treatment of arrestees and suspects and the ways in which it will likely increase error rates in testing, exacerbate racial bias and existing privacy concerns, and burden California taxpayers. First enacted in 1998 as the "Forensic Identification Data Base and Data Bank Act," the law required collection of DNA from any person convicted of an attempt or commission of serious, violent felony offenses of the following categories: sex offenses; murder; voluntary manslaughter; spousal abuse; aggravated sexual assault of a child; specified assault or battery; kidnapping; mayhem; and torture.37 By 2002, the list of qualifying offenders had expanded to include burglary, robbery, arson, carjacking, and terrorist activity.38 Passage of Proposition 69 expanded collection to all felons - including those with past convictions - and made California the second state to authorize collection of DNA from all felony arrestees. Because the funding will not come close to covering the costs of the hundreds of thousands of additional DNA samples that will be required to be collected and analyzed under the initiative, the California Department of Justice will be mired in an everexpanding backlog. On November 2, 2004, California voters approved Proposition 69, “The DNA Fingerprint, Unsolved Crime, and Innocence Protection Act” by a margin of approximately 60 to 40 percent. Given the limited amount of information provided to voters during the initiative process, it is unclear how many of the yea-sayers were apprised of the full implications of this measure. Indeed, by voting “yes” on Proposition 69, California has elected to house the most radical and costly state criminal DNA database in the country. This dangerous expansion of California's database poses tremendous threats to civil liberties and social justice while offering little, if anything, by way of increasing the safety of its citizens. Prior to November 2, California law required the permanent retention of DNA samples from felons convicted of serious, violent crimes. The new law expands the database to include DNA samples from all felons and individuals with past felony convictions - including juveniles - and, beginning in five years, all adults arrested for any felony offense.
Audience	Professional
Author	Simoneelli, Tania Steinhardt, Barry
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Tania surname: Simoneelli fullname: Simoneelli, Tania organization: Works as a Science and Technology Fellow for the ACLU. Her primary work involves researching and analyzing the civil liberties implications of new and emerging genetic technologies – sequence: 2 givenname: Barry surname: Steinhardt fullname: Steinhardt, Barry organization: Director of the ACLU's Technology & Liberty Program. He is a prominent advocate of privacy and free speech in the face of emerging technologies, including surveillance infrastructure, the internet, and DNA databases
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Snippet	On November 2, 2004, California voters approved Proposition 69, “The DNA Fingerprint, Unsolved Crime, and Innocence Protection Act” by a margin of... Whatever one's views on the appropriate size and function of forensic DNA databanks, all eyes will be on California as its experience with the new law unfolds....
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SubjectTerms	Bioethics California Civil liberties Civil Rights - legislation & jurisprudence Confidentiality - legislation & jurisprudence Criminal evidence Criminal justice Criminal Law Criminals Databases, Genetic - legislation & jurisprudence Databases, Genetic - standards DNA evidence DNA Fingerprinting - legislation & jurisprudence DNA Fingerprinting - standards DNA fingerprints DNA identification DNA testing Evidence, Criminal Federal Government Forensic Sciences Genetics Government regulation Health technology assessment Humans Information Services Information Storage and Retrieval Laws, regulations and rules Politics Prejudice Prisoners Public Policy Social impact State Government State laws
Title	California's Proposition 69: A Dangerous Precedent for Criminal DNA Databases
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