Study on the biodegradation of crude oil by free and immobilized bacterial consortium in marine environment

Five strains of bacteria, namely, Exiguobacterium sp. ASW-1, Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain ASW-2, Alcaligenes sp. ASW-3, Alcaligenes sp. ASS-1, and Bacillus sp. ASS-2, were isolated from the Zhejiang coast in China. The mixed flora of the five strains performed well with degrading 75.1% crude oil (1...

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Published in:	PloS one Vol. 12; no. 3; p. e0174445
Main Authors:	Chen, Qingguo, Li, Jingjing, Liu, Mei, Sun, Huiling, Bao, Mutai
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States Public Library of Science 27-03-2017 Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Subjects:	Acenaphthene Activated carbon Adsorption Agar Agglomeration Alcaligenes Alginic acid Alkanes Annual variations Anthracene Bacteria Bacteria - metabolism Beef Benzo(a)pyrene Biodegradation Biodegradation, Environmental Biology and Life Sciences Bioremediation Biotransformation Calcium alginate Consortia Crude oil Deep sea Drug tolerance Earth Sciences Ecology and Environmental Sciences Efficiency Engineering and Technology Environment Environmental aspects Environmental factors Flora Immobilization Marine environment Marine microorganisms Media Microorganisms Oceans and Seas Offshore Petroleum Petroleum - microbiology Physical Sciences Pollution Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Porous materials Production processes Properties Science Social Sciences Studies Temperature effects Toxicity Trace elements Wetlands China
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Abstract	Five strains of bacteria, namely, Exiguobacterium sp. ASW-1, Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain ASW-2, Alcaligenes sp. ASW-3, Alcaligenes sp. ASS-1, and Bacillus sp. ASS-2, were isolated from the Zhejiang coast in China. The mixed flora of the five strains performed well with degrading 75.1% crude oil (1%, w/v) in 7 days. The calcium alginate-activated carbon embedding carrier was used to immobilize bacterial consortium. Immobilized cells performed better than free ones in variations of environmental factors containing incubated temperature, initial pH, salinity of the medium and crude oil concentration. The degradation process of crude oil by immobilized bacteria was accelerated compared with that of the free ones. Bacterial consortium showed better performance on biodegradation of normal alkanes than that of PAHs. Improvement of immobilization on the biodegradation efficiency of normal alkanes (31.9%) was apparently high than that of PAHs (1.9%).
AbstractList	Five strains of bacteria, namely, Exiguobacterium sp. ASW-1, Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain ASW-2, Alcaligenes sp. ASW-3, Alcaligenes sp. ASS-1, and Bacillus sp. ASS-2, were isolated from the Zhejiang coast in China. The mixed flora of the five strains performed well with degrading 75.1% crude oil (1%, w/v) in 7 days. The calcium alginate-activated carbon embedding carrier was used to immobilize bacterial consortium. Immobilized cells performed better than free ones in variations of environmental factors containing incubated temperature, initial pH, salinity of the medium and crude oil concentration. The degradation process of crude oil by immobilized bacteria was accelerated compared with that of the free ones. Bacterial consortium showed better performance on biodegradation of normal alkanes than that of PAHs. Improvement of immobilization on the biodegradation efficiency of normal alkanes (31.9%) was apparently high than that of PAHs (1.9%). Five strains of bacteria, namely, Exiguobacterium sp. ASW-1, Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain ASW-2, Alcaligenes sp. ASW-3, Alcaligenes sp. ASS-1, and Bacillus sp. ASS-2, were isolated from the Zhejiang coast in China. The mixed flora of the five strains performed well with degrading 75.1% crude oil (1%, w/v ) in 7 days. The calcium alginate—activated carbon embedding carrier was used to immobilize bacterial consortium. Immobilized cells performed better than free ones in variations of environmental factors containing incubated temperature, initial pH, salinity of the medium and crude oil concentration. The degradation process of crude oil by immobilized bacteria was accelerated compared with that of the free ones. Bacterial consortium showed better performance on biodegradation of normal alkanes than that of PAHs. Improvement of immobilization on the biodegradation efficiency of normal alkanes (31.9%) was apparently high than that of PAHs (1.9%).
Audience	Academic
Author	Bao, Mutai Chen, Qingguo Sun, Huiling Li, Jingjing Liu, Mei
AuthorAffiliation	1 College of Marine Science & Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, P. R. China 2 Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P. R. China MJP Rohilkhand University, INDIA
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 1 College of Marine Science & Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, P. R. China – name: 2 Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P. R. China – name: MJP Rohilkhand University, INDIA
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Qingguo orcidid: 0000-0001-8905-3448 surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Qingguo organization: College of Marine Science & Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, P. R. China – sequence: 2 givenname: Jingjing surname: Li fullname: Li, Jingjing organization: College of Marine Science & Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, P. R. China – sequence: 3 givenname: Mei surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Mei organization: College of Marine Science & Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, P. R. China – sequence: 4 givenname: Huiling surname: Sun fullname: Sun, Huiling organization: College of Marine Science & Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, P. R. China – sequence: 5 givenname: Mutai surname: Bao fullname: Bao, Mutai organization: Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P. R. China
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Notes	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Conceptualization: QC.Data curation: JL ML.Formal analysis: ML.Funding acquisition: QC.Investigation: JL HS.Methodology: QC HS.Project administration: QC.Resources: QC ML.Software: QC.Supervision: QC.Validation: QC.Visualization: QC.Writing – original draft: QC JL.Writing – review & editing: QC MB.
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Snippet	Five strains of bacteria, namely, Exiguobacterium sp. ASW-1, Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain ASW-2, Alcaligenes sp. ASW-3, Alcaligenes sp. ASS-1, and Bacillus... Five strains of bacteria, namely, Exiguobacterium sp. ASW-1, Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain ASW-2, Alcaligenes sp. ASW-3, Alcaligenes sp. ASS-1, and Bacillus...
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Title	Study on the biodegradation of crude oil by free and immobilized bacterial consortium in marine environment
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