Tobacco consumption and premenstrual syndrome: A case-control study

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 14; no. 6; p. e0218794
• Main Authors: Fernández, María Del Mar, Montes-Martínez, Agustín, Piñeiro-Lamas, María, Regueira-Méndez, Carlos, Takkouche, Bahi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 21-06-2019; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Adult; Analysis; Biology and Life Sciences; Cancer; Cancer screening; Case-Control Studies; Cigarette smoking; Cigarettes; Confidence intervals; Contraception; Disease susceptibility; Epidemiology; Family counseling; Female; Females; Health aspects; Health care; Hormones; Humans; Medical research; Medicine and Health Sciences; Menstrual cycle; Menstruation; Middle Aged; PMS; Population; Pregnancy; Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder - epidemiology; Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder - etiology; Premenstrual syndrome; Premenstrual Syndrome - epidemiology; Premenstrual Syndrome - etiology; Prevalence; Preventive medicine; Public health; Public hospitals; Questionnaires; Research and Analysis Methods; Risk Factors; Smoke; Smokers; Smoking; Social Sciences; Socioeconomic Factors; Statistical analysis; Studies; Surgeons General; Systematic review; Tobacco; Tobacco smoking; Tobacco Smoking - adverse effects; Tobacco Smoking - epidemiology; Tobacco Use - adverse effects; Tobacco Use - epidemiology; Uterine cancer; Womens health; Young Adult; United States > US; Europe; Greenland; Spain
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218794

To assess whether tobacco smoking is associated with Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) and its most severe form, Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD).
Case-control study with incident cases using the Spanish public healthcare system.
3 major public hospitals and one family counseling and planning center.
Women consulting for troubles related to menstruation and for other motives such as screening for uterine cancer, contraception counseling or desire for pregnancy.
Logistic regression.
Odds Ratios of PMS and PMDD.
285 incident PMS cases and 285 age-matched controls on the one hand, and 88 incident PMDD cases and 176 controls on the other hand participated in the study. The odds of premenstrual disorders was higher in current smokers compared with never smokers: Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.78, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.20-2.63 for PMS and OR = 2.92, 95%CI: 1.55-5.50 for PMDD. For PMS, women who smoke 1 to 5 cigarettes/day presented an OR = 2.82, 95%CI: 1.57-5.06 and those who smoke more than 15 cigarettes/day an OR = 2.52, 95%CI: 0.99-6.40. Compared to non-smokers, current and ex-smokers who smoked < 3 pack-years presented an OR = 1.79, 95%CI: 1.04-3.08 for PMS, and an OR = 3.06, 95%CI: 1.27-7.35 for PMDD. Smokers of 3 to 8 pack-years presented an OR = 2.34, 95%CI: 1.33-4.13 for PMS and OR = 3.56, 95%CI: 1.55-8.17 for PMDD. These results were confirmed by the exposure-effect curve obtained from a cubic spline model.
This study shows that smokers are more likely to develop PMS and PMDD.