Survival of HIV-infected patients with high-grade non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas: A retrospective study of experiences in Zimbabwe

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 15; no. 9; p. e0239344
• Main Authors: Manyau, Maudy C. P, Mudzviti, Tinashe, Rusakaniko, Simbarashe, Mberi, Elson T, Maponga, Charles C, Morse, Gene D
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: San Francisco Public Library of Science 17-09-2020; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; Age; AIDS; Antiretroviral drugs; Biology and Life Sciences; Chemotherapy; Comorbidity; Drug therapy; Evidence-based medicine; Health risks; Heterogeneity; HIV; HIV patients; Human immunodeficiency virus; Lymphocytes B; Lymphoma; Medical records; Medicine and Health Sciences; Monoclonal antibodies; Mortality; Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas; Patient outcomes; Patients; People and Places; Public health; Rank tests; Regression analysis; Risk analysis; Risk factors; Rituximab; Social Sciences; Socioeconomic factors; Socioeconomics; Survival; Targeted cancer therapy; Zimbabwe; New York; United States > US
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239344

Rituximab in combination with chemotherapy is now widely accepted as standard of care for AIDS-related lymphomas (ARLs) of B-cell origin. However, the clinical impact of rituximab in resource limited settings remains unknown. Different settings and patient heterogeneity may affect the effect of any given treatment. The study objectives were to determine if rituximab use was associated with improved 18-month overall survival (OS) of patients with ARLs and to identify correlates of 18-month OS. A retrospective review of medical records of adult HIV infected patients treated for high-grade large cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with chemotherapy +/- rituximab between 2015-2017 was conducted. Vital status and disease progression/relapse at 18 months were determined. Survival functions were estimated using Kaplan-Meier methodology. Equality of survival functions were assessed using Log-rank tests and Cox regression analysis to identify risk factors for mortality. One hundred and twenty-four eligible medical records were identified. This was a cohort of black Africans with a median age of 42 (IQR: 33-47) and a 57% male gender distribution. Overall survival at 6, 12 and 18 months for the population was 75.9%, 44.0% and 30.6% respectively. Over the study period, 72.6% of patients were diagnosed with disease progression/ relapse. There was a higher rate of rituximab use in patients who were treated at a private institution and those with medical insurance. Rituximab use was not associated with a reduction in 18-month mortality [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR)1.28, (95% CI 0.63-2.60)]. Risk factors for 18-month mortality were male gender [aHR 1.89, (95% CI 1.04-3.43)], age 40+ years [aHR 2.49, (1.33-4.67)], receipt of <3 chemotherapy cycles [aHR 2.48, (95% CI 1.33-4.60)] and low socioeconomic status [aHR 2.44, (95% CI 1.28-4.67)]. Predictors of mortality were male gender, older age, low socioeconomic status and receipt of a less than half of the recommended number of chemotherapy cycles. Rituximab use was not associated with an improvement in 18-month OS in Zimbabwean patients with ARLs.