A rho scaffold integrates the secretory system with feedback mechanisms in regulation of auxin distribution

• Published in: PLoS biology Vol. 8; no. 1; p. e1000282
• Main Authors: Hazak, Ora, Bloch, Daria, Poraty, Limor, Sternberg, Hasana, Zhang, Jing, Friml, Jirí, Yalovsky, Shaul
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 01-01-2010; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Arabidopsis - genetics; Arabidopsis - growth & development; Arabidopsis - metabolism; Arabidopsis - ultrastructure; Arabidopsis Proteins - analysis; Arabidopsis Proteins - genetics; Arabidopsis Proteins - metabolism; Arabidopsis Proteins - physiology; Auxin; Biological Transport; Carrier Proteins - analysis; Carrier Proteins - genetics; Carrier Proteins - physiology; Cell Biology; Cell Biology/Cell Signaling; Cell Biology/Membranes and Sorting; Cell Biology/Morphogenesis and Cell Biology; Cell Biology/Plant Cell Biology; Cell Polarity - genetics; Cellular biology; Developmental Biology; Developmental Biology/Molecular Development; Developmental Biology/Pattern Formation; Developmental Biology/Plant Growth and Development; Exocytosis - physiology; G proteins; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Genetic aspects; Indoleacetic Acids - metabolism; Kinases; Membrane Transport Proteins - analysis; Membrane Transport Proteins - genetics; Membrane Transport Proteins - metabolism; Meristem - genetics; Meristem - growth & development; Meristem - metabolism; Physiological aspects; Plant Biology/Plant Cell Biology; Plant Biology/Plant Growth and Development; Plant Roots - genetics; Plant Roots - growth & development; Plant Roots - metabolism; Plasma; Proteins; R&D; Research & development; rho GTP-Binding Proteins - genetics; rho GTP-Binding Proteins - metabolism; rho GTP-Binding Proteins - physiology; Seeds - genetics; Seeds - growth & development; Seeds - metabolism; Belgium; Cell Polarity; Seeds; Arabidopsis; Exocytosis; Meristem; Arabidopsis Proteins; Biological Transport; Plant Roots; Membrane Transport Proteins; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; rho GTP-Binding Proteins; Carrier Proteins; Indoleacetic Acids
• ISSN: 1545-7885; 1544-9173; 1545-7885
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000282

Development in multicellular organisms depends on the ability of individual cells to coordinate their behavior by means of small signaling molecules to form correctly patterned tissues. In plants, a unique mechanism of directional transport of the signaling molecule auxin between cells connects cell polarity and tissue patterning and thus is required for many aspects of plant development. Direction of auxin flow is determined by polar subcellular localization of PIN auxin efflux transporters. Dynamic PIN polar localization results from the constitutive endocytic cycling to and from the plasma membrane, but it is not well understood how this mechanism connects to regulators of cell polarity. The Rho family small GTPases ROPs/RACs are master regulators of cell polarity, however their role in regulating polar protein trafficking and polar auxin transport has not been established. Here, by analysis of mutants and transgenic plants, we show that the ROP interactor and polarity regulator scaffold protein ICR1 is required for recruitment of PIN proteins to the polar domains at the plasma membrane. icr1 mutant embryos and plants display an a array of severe developmental aberrations that are caused by compromised differential auxin distribution. ICR1 functions at the plasma membrane where it is required for exocytosis but does not recycle together with PINs. ICR1 expression is quickly induced by auxin but is suppressed at the positions of stable auxin maxima in the hypophysis and later in the embryonic and mature root meristems. Our results imply that ICR1 is part of an auxin regulated positive feedback loop realized by a unique integration of auxin-dependent transcriptional regulation into ROP-mediated modulation of cell polarity. Thus, ICR1 forms an auxin-modulated link between cell polarity, exocytosis, and auxin transport-dependent tissue patterning.