Morbimortality study of infection in patients undergoing different types of dialysis in a renal replacement therapy center

• Published in: The Brazilian journal of infectious diseases Vol. 18; no. 3; pp. 281 - 286
• Main Authors: Ridão Curty, Natália Fabiane, da Silva Martins, Lucilene Fagundes, Sanches Ito, Carmen Antônia, Schafranski, Marcelo, Brites, Dorelayne Aparecida, Busato, César Roberto
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Brazil Elsevier Editora Ltda 01-05-2014; Contexto; Elsevier; Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases
• Subjects: Bacteria; Bacterial infections; Case-Control Studies; Complications and side effects; Female; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections - mortality; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections - mortality; Hemodialysis; Hospital infection; Humans; INFECTIOUS DISEASES; Male; Middle Aged; Morbimortality; Original; Renal Dialysis - adverse effects; Renal Dialysis - methods; Renal Dialysis - mortality; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - microbiology; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - mortality; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - therapy; Renal replacement therapy center; Risk Factors; Sensitivity profiles; Hospital infection; Bacteria; Sensitivity profiles; Morbimortality; Hemodialysis; Renal replacement therapy center
• DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2013.08.007
• EISSN: 1678-4391
• ISSN: 1413-8670; 1678-4391

Renal replacement therapy is the treatment of end-stage chronic kidney disease and can be performed through dialysis catheters, arteriovenous fistulas/grafts, and peritoneal dialysis. Patients are usually immunocompromised and exposed to invasive procedures, leading to high rates of infection and increased mortality.
To compare the prevalence of infection and related deaths, as well as the sensitivity profile of the putative bacteria in patients treated with peritoneal dialysis, arteriovenous fistula hemodialysis and catheter hemodialysis.
This is case–control study. Six hundred forty-four patients undergoing renal replacement therapy were selected. Patients were divided into three groups according to the modality of dialysis treatment: peritoneal dialysis (126 patients), arteriovenous fistula hemodialysis (326 patients), and catheter hemodialysis (192 patients).
One hundred sixteen patients (18.01%) developed infection. There was a higher incidence of infection in the peritoneal dialysis group (44 patients; 34.92%; OR: 3.32; CI 95%=2.13–5.17; p=0.0001). In the catheter hemodialysis group, 48 patients (25%) had infection (OR: 1.88; CI 95%: 1.24–2.85; p=0.0035). In the arteriovenous fistula hemodialysis group, 24 patients (7.36%) developed infection (OR: 0.19; CI 95%: 0.12–0.31; p=0.0001). Five patients (4.31%) died due to infection (four in the peritoneal dialysis group and one in the catheter hemodialysis group). There were no deaths due to infection in the arteriovenous fistula hemodialysis group.
Peritoneal dialysis is the treatment with greater risk of infection and mortality, followed by catheter hemodialysis. The lowest risk of infection and mortality was observed in arteriovenous fistula hemodialysis group.