Insights from the worm: The C. elegans model for innate immunity

Highlights • C. elegans as ancestral metazoan system for studying innate immunity. • The RNAi machinery is important for anti-viral defense. • Pathogen response to bacterial infections are mediated by MAPK signaling. • Innate immunity is linked to stress responses and longevity regulation. • Germlin...

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Published in:	Seminars in immunology Vol. 26; no. 4; pp. 303 - 309
Main Authors:	Ermolaeva, Maria A, Schumacher, Björn
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England Elsevier Ltd 01-08-2014
Subjects:	Allergy and Immunology Ancestral immunity Animals C. elegans Caenorhabditis elegans - cytology Caenorhabditis elegans - immunology Caenorhabditis elegans - metabolism Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins - immunology Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins - metabolism Host–pathogen interaction Humans Immunity, Innate Innate immunity Models, Animal Regeneration Innate immunity Host–pathogen interaction Ancestral immunity C. elegans
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Abstract	Highlights • C. elegans as ancestral metazoan system for studying innate immunity. • The RNAi machinery is important for anti-viral defense. • Pathogen response to bacterial infections are mediated by MAPK signaling. • Innate immunity is linked to stress responses and longevity regulation. • Germline DNA damage induces systemic stress resistance (GDISR) through innate immune signaling.
AbstractList	The nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans comprises an ancestral immune system. C. elegans recognizes and responds to viral, bacterial, and fungal infections. Components of the RNA interference machinery respond to viral infection, while highly conserved MAPK signaling pathways activate the innate immune response to bacterial infection. C. elegans has been particularly important for exploring the role of innate immunity in organismal stress resistance and the regulation of longevity. Also functions of neuronal sensing of infectious bacteria have recently been uncovered. Studies on nematode immunity can be instructive in exploring innate immune signaling in the absence of specialized immune cells and adaptive immunity. •C. elegans as ancestral metazoan system for studying innate immunity.•The RNAi machinery is important for anti-viral defense.•Pathogen response to bacterial infections are mediated by MAPK signaling.•Innate immunity is linked to stress responses and longevity regulation.•Germline DNA damage induces systemic stress resistance (GDISR) through innate immune signaling. The nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans comprises an ancestral immune system. C. elegans recognizes and responds to viral, bacterial, and fungal infections. Components of the RNA interference machinery respond to viral infection, while highly conserved MAPK signaling pathways activate the innate immune response to bacterial infection. C. elegans has been particularly important for exploring the role of innate immunity in organismal stress resistance and the regulation of longevity. Also functions of neuronal sensing of infectious bacteria have recently been uncovered. Studies on nematode immunity can be instructive in exploring innate immune signaling in the absence of specialized immune cells and adaptive immunity. Highlights • C. elegans as ancestral metazoan system for studying innate immunity. • The RNAi machinery is important for anti-viral defense. • Pathogen response to bacterial infections are mediated by MAPK signaling. • Innate immunity is linked to stress responses and longevity regulation. • Germline DNA damage induces systemic stress resistance (GDISR) through innate immune signaling. The nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans comprises an ancestral immune system. C. elegans recognizes and responds to viral, bacterial, and fungal infections. Components of the RNA interference machinery respond to viral infection, while highly conserved MAPK signaling pathways activate the innate immune response to bacterial infection. C. elegans has been particularly important for exploring the role of innate immunity in organismal stress resistance and the regulation of longevity. Also functions of neuronal sensing of infectious bacteria have recently been uncovered. Studies on nematode immunity can be instructive in exploring innate immune signaling in the absence of specialized immune cells and adaptive immunity.
Author	Ermolaeva, Maria A Schumacher, Björn
AuthorAffiliation	b Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Institute for Genetics, and Systems Biology of Cologne, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47a, 50674 Cologne, Germany a Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: a Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne – name: b Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Institute for Genetics, and Systems Biology of Cologne, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47a, 50674 Cologne, Germany
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 fullname: Ermolaeva, Maria A – sequence: 2 fullname: Schumacher, Björn
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24856329$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Keywords	Innate immunity Host–pathogen interaction Ancestral immunity C. elegans
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Snippet	Highlights • C. elegans as ancestral metazoan system for studying innate immunity. • The RNAi machinery is important for anti-viral defense. • Pathogen... •C. elegans as ancestral metazoan system for studying innate immunity.•The RNAi machinery is important for anti-viral defense.•Pathogen response to bacterial... The nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans comprises an ancestral immune system. C. elegans recognizes and responds to viral, bacterial, and fungal infections.... The nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans comprises an ancestral immune system. C. elegans recognizes and responds to viral, bacterial, and fungal infections....
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SubjectTerms	Allergy and Immunology Ancestral immunity Animals C. elegans Caenorhabditis elegans - cytology Caenorhabditis elegans - immunology Caenorhabditis elegans - metabolism Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins - immunology Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins - metabolism Host–pathogen interaction Humans Immunity, Innate Innate immunity Models, Animal Regeneration
Title	Insights from the worm: The C. elegans model for innate immunity
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