Variation in perceived health across gender, working status, educational level, and regional health care expenditure in Spain (2014-2017)

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 18; no. 7; p. e0269613
• Main Authors: Godoy-Bermúdez, Amanda, Rojo-Gallego-Burin, Araceli, Delgado-Márquez, Luisa, Martín-Martín, José J, Sánchez-Martínez, M Teresa, López Del Amo-González, M Puerto
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 14-07-2023; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Analysis; Economic crisis; Education; Educational attainment; Educational Status; Expenditures; Expenditures, Public; Female; Gender; Gender differences; Gender equity; Gender pay gap; Health care expenditures; Health Expenditures; Health risks; Health Status; Humans; Inequality; Influence; Labor market; Living conditions; Male; Medical care, Cost of; Medicine and Health Sciences; Men; Mens health; Mental health; Perceptions; Public health; Recessions; Sex (Biology); Social Sciences; Spain; Surveys; Unemployment; Women; Womens health; Spain
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269613

A gender perspective was used to analyze whether and how education, unemployment, and per capita public health expenditure were associated with perceived health among the Spanish population between the years 2014 and 2017. Using multilevel methodologies (looking at year, individual, and region) and linear and logistic specifications, we analyzed longitudinal microdata files from the Survey on Living Conditions. The results suggest that women with lower educational levels tend to report worse health than their more educated counterparts. On the other hand, women's bad health was not associated with unemployment, unlike men's. Regional per capita public health expenditure was not associated with perceived health in either men or women.