The 44-kb Linear Plasmid Molecule in the Relapsing Fever Agent Borrelia duttonii Strain Ly Serve as a Preservation of vmp Genes
Borrelia duttonii strain Ly, a causative agent of relapsing fever, contains a linear one megabase chromosome and 12 linear plasmid molecules. Here we report that the sequence of the 44‐kb linear plasmid of strain Ly is found to contain variable major protein (vmp) genes for antigenic variation of re...
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| Published in: | Microbiology and immunology Vol. 46; no. 3; pp. 159 - 165 |
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| Abstract | Borrelia duttonii strain Ly, a causative agent of relapsing fever, contains a linear one megabase chromosome and 12 linear plasmid molecules. Here we report that the sequence of the 44‐kb linear plasmid of strain Ly is found to contain variable major protein (vmp) genes for antigenic variation of relapsing fever borreliae. The determined sequence is of 44,010 bp except for both ends of the molecule. Of 39 open reading frames (ORFs) found in the sequence, 21 ORFs (named vmpA to U) showed moderate similarities with vmp genes for Borrelia hermsii. However, most of the vmp homologues are apparently nonfunctional because of their frameshifts within the sequence and/or absence of promoter and ribosome‐binding signals upstream of their genes. RT‐PCR experiments using the specific primer for each vmp gene revealed that vmpE, one of the vmp genes, was expressed at the location of the 44‐kb plasmid molecule. The result suggests that the plasmid molecule may play a role in the preservation of the serotype switching of vmp genes in a mammalian host. |
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| AbstractList | Borrelia duttonii strain Ly, a causative agent of relapsing fever, contains a linear one megabase chromosome and 12 linear plasmid molecules. Here we report that the sequence of the 44‐kb linear plasmid of strain Ly is found to contain variable major protein (vmp) genes for antigenic variation of relapsing fever borreliae. The determined sequence is of 44,010 bp except for both ends of the molecule. Of 39 open reading frames (ORFs) found in the sequence, 21 ORFs (named vmpA to U) showed moderate similarities with vmp genes for Borrelia hermsii. However, most of the vmp homologues are apparently nonfunctional because of their frameshifts within the sequence and/or absence of promoter and ribosome‐binding signals upstream of their genes. RT‐PCR experiments using the specific primer for each vmp gene revealed that vmpE, one of the vmp genes, was expressed at the location of the 44‐kb plasmid molecule. The result suggests that the plasmid molecule may play a role in the preservation of the serotype switching of vmp genes in a mammalian host. Borrelia duttonii strain Ly, a causative agent of relapsing fever, contains a linear one megabase chromosome and 12 linear plasmid molecules. Here we report that the sequence of the 44‐kb linear plasmid of strain Ly is found to contain variable major protein ( vmp ) genes for antigenic variation of relapsing fever borreliae. The determined sequence is of 44,010 bp except for both ends of the molecule. Of 39 open reading frames (ORFs) found in the sequence, 21 ORFs (named vmp A to U) showed moderate similarities with vmp genes for Borrelia hermsii . However, most of the vmp homologues are apparently nonfunctional because of their frameshifts within the sequence and/or absence of promoter and ribosome‐binding signals upstream of their genes. RT‐PCR experiments using the specific primer for each vmp gene revealed that vmp E, one of the vmp genes, was expressed at the location of the 44‐kb plasmid molecule. The result suggests that the plasmid molecule may play a role in the preservation of the serotype switching of vmp genes in a mammalian host. |
| Author | Seino, Satoshi Tabuchi, Norihiko Fukunaga, Masahito Mitani, Harumi |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Norihiko surname: Tabuchi fullname: Tabuchi, Norihiko organization: Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Hiroshima, 729-0292, Fukuyama, Japan – sequence: 2 givenname: Harumi surname: Mitani fullname: Mitani, Harumi organization: Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Hiroshima, 729-0292, Fukuyama, Japan – sequence: 3 givenname: Satoshi surname: Seino fullname: Seino, Satoshi organization: Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Hiroshima, 729-0292, Fukuyama, Japan – sequence: 4 givenname: Masahito surname: Fukunaga fullname: Fukunaga, Masahito email: Correspondence address: Dr. Masahito Fukunaga, Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Gakuencho 1, Fukuyama, Hiroshima 729-0292, Japan. Fax:+81-849-36-2024. mfukunag@supernig.nig.ac.jp organization: Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Hiroshima, 729-0292, Fukuyama, Japan |
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| Keywords | Spirochaetaceae Spirochaetales Nucleotide sequence Borrelia infection Borrelia duttonii Homology Gene expression Infection Plasmid Spirochaetosis Antigenic variation Bacteriosis Bacteria Relapsing fever |
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| Snippet | Borrelia duttonii strain Ly, a causative agent of relapsing fever, contains a linear one megabase chromosome and 12 linear plasmid molecules. Here we report... Borrelia duttonii strain Ly, a causative agent of relapsing fever, contains a linear one megabase chromosome and 12 linear plasmid molecules. Here we report... |
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| SubjectTerms | Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins - genetics Bacteriology Base Composition Base Sequence Biological and medical sciences Borrelia - genetics Borrelia duttonii DNA, Bacterial Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Genes, Bacterial Genetics Lipoproteins - genetics Microbiology Molecular Sequence Data Open Reading Frames plasmid sequence Plasmids Relapsing Fever - microbiology RT-PCR Sequence Analysis, DNA sequencing vmp gene |
| Title | The 44-kb Linear Plasmid Molecule in the Relapsing Fever Agent Borrelia duttonii Strain Ly Serve as a Preservation of vmp Genes |
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