Effects of zinc, iron, cobalt, and manganese on Fusarium moniliforme NRRL 13616 growth and fusarin C biosynthesis in submerged cultures

• Published in: Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 55; no. 3; pp. 649 - 655
• Main Authors: JACKSON, M. A, SLININGER, P. J, BOTHAST, R. J
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Washington, DC American Society for Microbiology 01-03-1989
• Subjects: ammonia; Ammonia - metabolism; ammoniac; amoniaco; ANTIGENS; asimilacion; assimilation; Biological and medical sciences; BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS; biosintesis; biosynthese; BIOSYNTHESIS; cinc; COBALT; Cobalt - pharmacology; cobalto; crecimiento; croissance; Culture Media; ELEMENTS; EUMYCOTA; fer; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; FUNGI; FUSARIUM; Fusarium - drug effects; Fusarium - growth & development; Fusarium - metabolism; gibberella fujikuroi; growth; Growth, nutrition, metabolism, transports, enzymes. Molecular biology; hierro; IRON; Iron - pharmacology; MANGANESE; Manganese - pharmacology; manganeso; MATERIALS; METABOLISM; METALS; micotoxinas; Microbiology; Mutagens - metabolism; Mycology; mycotoxine; mycotoxins; NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCY; PARASITES; PLANTS; Polyenes - metabolism; RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT; SYNTHESIS; TOXIC MATERIALS; TOXINS; TRANSITION ELEMENTS 560300 > Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology; zea mays; ZINC; Zinc - pharmacology; Culture medium; Environmental factor; Biosynthesis; Iron; Biomass; Metal; Metabolism; Cobalt; Zinc; Fungi; Ammonia; Toxin; Submerged culture; Fungi Imperfecti; Fusarium moniliforme; Thallophyta; Quantitative analysis; Manganese
• ISSN: 0099-2240; 1098-5336
• DOI: 10.1128/AEM.55.3.649-655.1989

The influence of zinc, iron, cobalt, and manganese on submerged cultures of Fusarium moniliforme NRRL 13616 was assessed by measuring dry weight accumulation, fusarin C biosynthesis, and ammonia assimilation. Shake flask cultures were grown in a nitrogen-limited defined medium supplemented with various combinations of metal ions according to partial-factorial experimental designs. Zinc (26 to 3,200 ppb [26 to 3,200 ng/ml]) inhibited fusarin C biosynthesis, increased dry weight accumulation, and increased ammonia assimilation. Carbohydrate was found to be the principal component of the increased dry weight in zinc-supplemented cultures. Zinc-deficient cultures synthesized more lipid and lipidlike compounds, such as fusarin C, than did zinc-supplemented cultures. Microscopic examination showed that zinc-deficient hyphae contained numerous lipid globules which were not present in zinc-supplemented cultures. Addition of zinc (3,200 ppb) to 2- and 4-day-old cultures inhibited further fusarin C biosynthesis but did not stimulate additional dry weight accumulation. Iron (10.0 ppm) and cobalt (9.0 ppm) did not affect fusarin C biosynthesis or dry weight accumulation. Manganese (5.1 ppm) did not affect dry weight accumulation but did increase fusarin C biosynthesis in the absence of zinc. Maximum fusarin C levels, 32.3 microgram/mg (dry weight), were produced when cultures were supplied manganese, whereas minimum fusarin C levels, 0.7 microgram/mg (dry weight), were produced when zinc, iron, cobalt, and manganese were supplied. These results suggest a multifunctional role for zinc in affecting F. moniliforme metabolism.