Energy analysis and exergy utilization in the transportation sector of Jordan

• Published in: Energy policy Vol. 36; no. 8; pp. 2995 - 3000
• Main Authors: Jaber, J.O., Al-Ghandoor, A., Sawalha, S.A.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford Elsevier Ltd 01-08-2008; Elsevier; Elsevier Science Ltd
• Series: Energy Policy
• Subjects: Applied sciences; Economic data; Efficiency; Energy; Energy economics; Energy efficiency; Energy utilization; Estimating techniques; Exact sciences and technology; Exergy; Exergy analysis; Fossil fuels and derived products; General, economic and professional studies; Ground, air and sea transportation, marine construction; International comparisons; Jordan; Oil; Studies; Systems analysis; Transport; Transport sector; Transportation industry; Transportation planning, management and economics; Jordan; Asia; Jordan (country); Exergy analysis; Efficiency; Transport sector; Energy analysis; Energy consumption; Diesel fuel; Transportation; Jet fuel; Modeling; Freight transportation; Road transportation; Energetic efficiency; Gasoline; Air transportation; Motor fuel consumption; Exergetic efficiency
• ISSN: 0301-4215; 1873-6777
• DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2008.04.004

The transport sector is responsible for about 37% of total final energy demand in Jordan, and thus it is considered an important driver for determining future national energy needs. This paper presents energy analysis and exergy utilization in the transportation sector of Jordan by considering the sectoral energy and exergy flows for the last two decades. The transportation sector, in Jordan, is a two-mode system, namely, road, which covers almost all domestic passenger and freight transport and airways. The latter is mainly used for international flights. The average estimated overall energy and exergy efficiencies were found as 23.2% and 22.8%, respectively. This simply indicates that there is large potential for improvement and efficiency enhancement. It is believed that the present technique is practical and useful for analyzing sectoral energy and exergy utilization to determine how efficiently energy and exergy are used in the transportation sector. It is also helpful to establish standards, based on exergy, to facilitate applications in different planning processes such as energy planning. A comparison with other countries showed that energy and exergy efficiencies of the Jordanian transport sector are slightly lower than that of Turkey, and higher than those incurred in Malaysia, Saudi Arabia and Norway. Such difference is inevitable due to dissimilar structure of the transport sector in these countries.