The effects of translocation-induced isolation and fragmentation on the cultural evolution of bird song

• Published in: Ecology letters Vol. 15; no. 8; pp. 778 - 785
• Main Authors: Parker, Kevin A., Anderson, Marti J., Jenkins, Peter F., Brunton, Dianne H.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01-08-2012; Blackwell
• Subjects: Acoustics; Age; Animal and plant ecology; Animal behavior; Animal communication; Animal, plant and microbial ecology; Animals; Aves; Behavioral biology; Biodiversity; Biological and medical sciences; Birds; Conservation of Natural Resources; Cultural evolution; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; General aspects; geographical variation; habitat fragmentation; New Zealand; Passeriformes; Philesturnus rufusater; Population Dynamics; song; translocation; Vertebrates: general zoology, morphology, phylogeny, systematics, cytogenetics, geographical distribution; Vocalization, Animal; New Zealand; New Zealand, North I; Translocation; Vertebrata; Song; Philesturnus rufusater; Habitat; Cultural evolution; Aves; Geographical variation; Fragmentation; habitat fragmentation
• ISSN: 1461-023X; 1461-0248
• DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2012.01797.x

Understanding the divergence of behavioural signals in isolated populations is critical to knowing how certain barriers to gene flow can develop. For many bird species, songs are essential for conspecific recognition and mate choice. Measuring the rate of song divergence in natural populations is difficult, but translocations of endangered birds to isolated islands for conservation purposes can yield insights, as the age and source of founder populations are completely known. We found significant and rapid evolution in the structure and diversity of bird song in North Island saddlebacks, Philesturnus rufusater, in New Zealand, with two distinct lineages evolving in < 50 years. The strong environmental filters of serial translocations resulted in cultural bottlenecks that generated drift and reduced song variability within islands. This rapid divergence coupled with loss of song diversity has important implications for the behavioural evolution of this species, demonstrating previously unrecognised biological consequences of conservation management.