Seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii in patients presenting with acute febrile illness at Marigat District Hospital, Baringo County, Kenya

Q fever is not routinely diagnosed in Kenyan hospitals. This study reports on Q fever in patients presenting at Marigat District Hospital, Kenya, with febrile illness. ELISA was used to detect Coxiella burnetii phase antigens. Of 406 patients, 45 (11.1%) were judged to have acute disease (phase II I...

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Published in:	Veterinary medicine and science Vol. 7; no. 5; pp. 2093 - 2099
Main Authors:	Lemtudo, Allan P., Mutai, Beth K., Mwamburi, Lizzy, Waitumbi, John N.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01-09-2021 John Wiley and Sons Inc Wiley
Subjects:	Animals Antibodies Antibodies, Bacterial Antigens Coxiella burnetii Coxiella burnetti Disease Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay Epidemics Goat Diseases - epidemiology Hospitals Hospitals, District Illnesses Immunofluorescence Immunoglobulin G Immunoglobulin M Infections Kenya - epidemiology Original Patients Population studies Public health Q fever Q Fever - epidemiology Q Fever - veterinary Risk factors Sensitivity analysis Seroepidemiologic Studies Serology Zoonoses zoonosis Kenya Q fever zoonosis Coxiella burnetti
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Abstract	Q fever is not routinely diagnosed in Kenyan hospitals. This study reports on Q fever in patients presenting at Marigat District Hospital, Kenya, with febrile illness. ELISA was used to detect Coxiella burnetii phase antigens. Of 406 patients, 45 (11.1%) were judged to have acute disease (phase II IgM or IgG > phase I IgG), 2 (0.5%) were chronic (phase I IgG titer >800 or phase I IgG > phase II IgG), while 26 (6.4%) had previous exposure (phase I IgG titer <800). Age (6–10 years, p = 0.002) and contact with goats (p = 0.014) were significant risk factors. Compared to immunofluorescence antibody test, the sensitivity and specificity for phase I IgG were 84% and 98%, respectfully, 46% and 100% for phase II IgG and 35% and 89% for phase II IgM. It is concluded that the low sensitivity of phase II ELISA underestimated the true burden of acute Q fever in the study population. The study assessed immune responses to C. burnetii phases 1 and II antigens and inferred the presence of acute and chronic Q‐fever in a pastoral community presenting with febrile illness at Marigat District Hospital, Kenya. Risk factors to the disease included gender, age, season and animal contact.
AbstractList	Abstract Q fever is not routinely diagnosed in Kenyan hospitals. This study reports on Q fever in patients presenting at Marigat District Hospital, Kenya, with febrile illness. ELISA was used to detect Coxiella burnetii phase antigens. Of 406 patients, 45 (11.1%) were judged to have acute disease (phase II IgM or IgG > phase I IgG), 2 (0.5%) were chronic (phase I IgG titer >800 or phase I IgG > phase II IgG), while 26 (6.4%) had previous exposure (phase I IgG titer <800). Age (6–10 years, p = 0.002) and contact with goats (p = 0.014) were significant risk factors. Compared to immunofluorescence antibody test, the sensitivity and specificity for phase I IgG were 84% and 98%, respectfully, 46% and 100% for phase II IgG and 35% and 89% for phase II IgM. It is concluded that the low sensitivity of phase II ELISA underestimated the true burden of acute Q fever in the study population. Q fever is not routinely diagnosed in Kenyan hospitals. This study reports on Q fever in patients presenting at Marigat District Hospital, Kenya, with febrile illness. ELISA was used to detect Coxiella burnetii phase antigens. Of 406 patients, 45 (11.1%) were judged to have acute disease (phase II IgM or IgG > phase I IgG), 2 (0.5%) were chronic (phase I IgG titer >800 or phase I IgG > phase II IgG), while 26 (6.4%) had previous exposure (phase I IgG titer <800). Age (6–10 years, p = 0.002) and contact with goats ( p = 0.014) were significant risk factors. Compared to immunofluorescence antibody test, the sensitivity and specificity for phase I IgG were 84% and 98%, respectfully, 46% and 100% for phase II IgG and 35% and 89% for phase II IgM. It is concluded that the low sensitivity of phase II ELISA underestimated the true burden of acute Q fever in the study population. Q fever is not routinely diagnosed in Kenyan hospitals. This study reports on Q fever in patients presenting at Marigat District Hospital, Kenya, with febrile illness. ELISA was used to detect Coxiella burnetii phase antigens. Of 406 patients, 45 (11.1%) were judged to have acute disease (phase II IgM or IgG > phase I IgG), 2 (0.5%) were chronic (phase I IgG titer >800 or phase I IgG > phase II IgG), while 26 (6.4%) had previous exposure (phase I IgG titer <800). Age (6–10 years, p = 0.002) and contact with goats (p = 0.014) were significant risk factors. Compared to immunofluorescence antibody test, the sensitivity and specificity for phase I IgG were 84% and 98%, respectfully, 46% and 100% for phase II IgG and 35% and 89% for phase II IgM. It is concluded that the low sensitivity of phase II ELISA underestimated the true burden of acute Q fever in the study population. The study assessed immune responses to C. burnetii phases 1 and II antigens and inferred the presence of acute and chronic Q‐fever in a pastoral community presenting with febrile illness at Marigat District Hospital, Kenya. Risk factors to the disease included gender, age, season and animal contact. Q fever is not routinely diagnosed in Kenyan hospitals. This study reports on Q fever in patients presenting at Marigat District Hospital, Kenya, with febrile illness. ELISA was used to detect Coxiella burnetii phase antigens. Of 406 patients, 45 (11.1%) were judged to have acute disease (phase II IgM or IgG > phase I IgG), 2 (0.5%) were chronic (phase I IgG titer >800 or phase I IgG > phase II IgG), while 26 (6.4%) had previous exposure (phase I IgG titer <800). Age (6–10 years, p = 0.002) and contact with goats ( p = 0.014) were significant risk factors. Compared to immunofluorescence antibody test, the sensitivity and specificity for phase I IgG were 84% and 98%, respectfully, 46% and 100% for phase II IgG and 35% and 89% for phase II IgM. It is concluded that the low sensitivity of phase II ELISA underestimated the true burden of acute Q fever in the study population. The study assessed immune responses to C. burnetii phases 1 and II antigens and inferred the presence of acute and chronic Q‐fever in a pastoral community presenting with febrile illness at Marigat District Hospital, Kenya. Risk factors to the disease included gender, age, season and animal contact. Q fever is not routinely diagnosed in Kenyan hospitals. This study reports on Q fever in patients presenting at Marigat District Hospital, Kenya, with febrile illness. ELISA was used to detect Coxiella burnetii phase antigens. Of 406 patients, 45 (11.1%) were judged to have acute disease (phase II IgM or IgG > phase I IgG), 2 (0.5%) were chronic (phase I IgG titer >800 or phase I IgG > phase II IgG), while 26 (6.4%) had previous exposure (phase I IgG titer <800). Age (6-10 years, p = 0.002) and contact with goats (p = 0.014) were significant risk factors. Compared to immunofluorescence antibody test, the sensitivity and specificity for phase I IgG were 84% and 98%, respectfully, 46% and 100% for phase II IgG and 35% and 89% for phase II IgM. It is concluded that the low sensitivity of phase II ELISA underestimated the true burden of acute Q fever in the study population. Q fever is not routinely diagnosed in Kenyan hospitals. This study reports on Q fever in patients presenting at Marigat District Hospital, Kenya, with febrile illness. ELISA was used to detect Coxiella burnetii phase antigens. Of 406 patients, 45 (11.1%) were judged to have acute disease (phase II IgM or IgG > phase I IgG), 2 (0.5%) were chronic (phase I IgG titer >800 or phase I IgG > phase II IgG), while 26 (6.4%) had previous exposure (phase I IgG titer <800). Age (6–10 years, p = 0.002) and contact with goats (p = 0.014) were significant risk factors. Compared to immunofluorescence antibody test, the sensitivity and specificity for phase I IgG were 84% and 98%, respectfully, 46% and 100% for phase II IgG and 35% and 89% for phase II IgM. It is concluded that the low sensitivity of phase II ELISA underestimated the true burden of acute Q fever in the study population.
Author	Mwamburi, Lizzy Lemtudo, Allan P. Mutai, Beth K. Waitumbi, John N.
AuthorAffiliation	1 United States Army Medical Research Directorate‐Africa/Kenya Walter Reed Army Institute of Research/Kenya Medical Research Institute Kisumu Kenya 2 Department of Biological Sciences School of Science University of Eldoret Eldoret Kenya
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 2 Department of Biological Sciences School of Science University of Eldoret Eldoret Kenya – name: 1 United States Army Medical Research Directorate‐Africa/Kenya Walter Reed Army Institute of Research/Kenya Medical Research Institute Kisumu Kenya
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CitedBy_id	crossref_primary_10_3389_fvets_2024_1396714 crossref_primary_10_2147_VMRR_S418346 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_heliyon_2022_e11133 crossref_primary_10_3390_idr15050056
Cites_doi	10.1111/j.1574-695X.2011.00876.x 10.3201/eid1402.070971 10.1159/000357107 10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.07.016 10.1016/S0025-6196(11)60733-7 10.1186/s12879-016-1569-0 10.4328/JCAM.3897 10.1089/15303660260613747 10.1086/322034 10.3109/00365548.2012.664777 10.1186/1746-6148-7-13 10.1086/380798 10.4269/ajtmh.14-0363 10.3201/eid2205.150953 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2005.01420.x 10.3201/eid0705.010504 10.1093/cid/cir411 10.1017/S0950268810002268 10.4269/ajtmh.12-0169 10.1111/zph.12342 10.1016/S0378-1135(00)00298-4 10.1155/2011/248418 10.1089/vbz.2009.0261 10.1007/s10096-011-1438-0 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2003.08.004 10.1155/2012/131932 10.1016/S0140-6736(55)92898-1 10.1016/S1473-3099(03)00804-1 10.1128/CMR.12.4.518
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Snippet	Q fever is not routinely diagnosed in Kenyan hospitals. This study reports on Q fever in patients presenting at Marigat District Hospital, Kenya, with febrile... Abstract Q fever is not routinely diagnosed in Kenyan hospitals. This study reports on Q fever in patients presenting at Marigat District Hospital, Kenya, with...
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SubjectTerms	Animals Antibodies Antibodies, Bacterial Antigens Coxiella burnetii Coxiella burnetti Disease Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay Epidemics Goat Diseases - epidemiology Hospitals Hospitals, District Illnesses Immunofluorescence Immunoglobulin G Immunoglobulin M Infections Kenya - epidemiology Original Patients Population studies Public health Q fever Q Fever - epidemiology Q Fever - veterinary Risk factors Sensitivity analysis Seroepidemiologic Studies Serology Zoonoses zoonosis
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Title	Seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii in patients presenting with acute febrile illness at Marigat District Hospital, Baringo County, Kenya
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