Estimation of lifetime survival and predictors of mortality among TB with HIV co-infected children after test and treat strategies launched in Northwest, Ethiopia, 2021; a multicentre historical follow-up study

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 16; no. 12; p. e0258964
• Main Authors: Chanie, Ermias Sisay, Gelaye, Getnet Asmare, Tadesse, Tesfaye Yimer, Feleke, Dejen Getaneh, Admas, Wubet Taklual, Molla Alemu, Eshetie, Azanaw, Melkalem Mamoye, Tiruneh, Sofonyas Abebaw, Gebremariam, Alemayehu Digssie, Birhane, Binyam Minuye, Bayih, Wubet Alebachew, Aragie, Getachew
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 21-12-2021; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; AIDS; Antiretroviral therapy; Biology and Life Sciences; Bivariate analysis; Care and treatment; CD4 antigen; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Child; Child, Preschool; Children; Children & youth; Childrens health; Coinfection - blood; Coinfection - diagnosis; Coinfection - drug therapy; Coinfection - mortality; Confidence intervals; Cotrimoxazole; Data collection; Dependent variables; Diagnosis; Epidemics; Ethiopia - epidemiology; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Health aspects; Health hazards; Health sciences; HIV; HIV (Viruses); HIV Infections - blood; HIV Infections - diagnosis; HIV Infections - drug therapy; HIV Infections - mortality; HIV-1; Hospitals; Human immunodeficiency virus; Humans; Infant; Infections; Infectious diseases; Male; Medical records; Medicine and Health Sciences; Medicine, Preventive; Methods; Mortality; Mortality risk; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Nursing; Pediatrics; People and Places; Preventive health services; Public health; Quality assessment; Rank tests; Risk factors; Statistical models; Survival; Sustainable development; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination - administration & dosage; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis - blood; Tuberculosis - diagnosis; Tuberculosis - mortality; Tuberculosis - prevention & control; Viruses; Ethiopia; Africa
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258964

In resource-limited settings, the mortality rate among tuberculosis and human Immunodeficiency virus co-infected children is higher. However, there is no adequate evidence in Ethiopia in general and in the study area in particular. Hence, this study aims to estimate lifetime survival and predictors of mortality among TB with HIV co-infected children after test and treat strategies launched in Northwest Ethiopia Hospitals, 2021.
Institution-based historical follow-up study was conducted in Northwest Ethiopia Hospitals among 227 Tuberculosis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus co-infected children from March 1, 2014, to January 12, 2021. The data were entered into Epi info-7 and then exported to STATA version 14 for analysis. The log-rank test was used to estimate the curve difference of the predictor variables. Bivariable cox-proportional hazard models were employed for each predictor variable. Additionally, those variables having a p-value < 0.25 in bivariate analysis were fitted into a multivariable cox-proportional hazards model. P-value < 0.05 was used to declare significance associated with the dependent variable.
From a total of 227 TB and HIV co-infected children, 39 died during the follow-up period. The overall mortality rate was 3.7 (95% CI (confidence interval): 2.9-4.7) per 100 person-years with a total of 1063.2-year observations. Cotrimoxazole preventive therapy (CPT) non-users [Adjusted Hazarded Ratio (AHR) = 3.8 (95% CI: 1.64-8.86)], presence of treatment failure [AHR = 3.0 (95% CI: 1.14-78.17)], and Cluster of differentiation 4(CD4) count below threshold [AHR = 2.7 (95% CI: 1.21-6.45)] were significant predictors of mortality.
In this study, the mortality rate among TB and HIV co-infected children was found to be very high. The risk of mortality among TB and HIV co-infected children was associated with treatment failure, CD4 count below the threshold, and cotrimoxazole preventive therapy non-users. Further research should conduct to assess and improve the quality of ART service in Northwest Ethiopia Hospitals.