Comparison of Soft Tissue Cephalometric Norms between Turkish and European-American Adults
One of the most important components of orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning is the evaluation of the patient’s soft tissue profile. The main purpose of this study was to develop soft-tissue cephalometric standards for Turkish men and women and compare them with the cephalometric standards o...
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| Published in: | TheScientificWorld Vol. 2013; no. 2013; pp. 1 - 6 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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Cairo, Egypt
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
01-01-2013
John Wiley & Sons, Inc Hindawi Limited |
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| Abstract | One of the most important components of orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning is the evaluation of the patient’s soft tissue profile. The main purpose of this study was to develop soft-tissue cephalometric standards for Turkish men and women and compare them with the cephalometric standards of normal European-American white people. The sample included 96 Turkish adults (48 women, 48 men), aged 20 to 27 years. Turkish subjects have increased facial convexity associated with retruded mandible, more obtuse lower face-throat angle, increased nasolabial angle and upper lip protrusion, deeper mentolabial sulcus, and smaller interlabial gap compared with European-American white people. It is appropriate to consider these differences during routine diagnosis and treatment planning of a Turkish patient or an American patient of European ancestry. Turkish males reveal more obtuse mandibular prognathism and upper lip protrusion, and smaller nasolabial angle than females. |
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| AbstractList | One of the most important components of orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning is the evaluation of the patient’s soft tissue profile. The main purpose of this study was to develop soft‐tissue cephalometric standards for Turkish men and women and compare them with the cephalometric standards of normal European‐American white people. The sample included 96 Turkish adults (48 women, 48 men), aged 20 to 27 years. Turkish subjects have increased facial convexity associated with retruded mandible, more obtuse lower face‐throat angle, increased nasolabial angle and upper lip protrusion, deeper mentolabial sulcus, and smaller interlabial gap compared with European‐American white people. It is appropriate to consider these differences during routine diagnosis and treatment planning of a Turkish patient or an American patient of European ancestry. Turkish males reveal more obtuse mandibular prognathism and upper lip protrusion, and smaller nasolabial angle than females. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Tan, Enes Ayyildiz, Erdem Çolak, Tuğba Çelebi, Ahmet Arif Gelgor, Ibrahim Erhan |
| AuthorAffiliation | Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, 71100 Merkez, Turkey |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, 71100 Merkez, Turkey |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 fullname: Ayyildiz, Erdem – sequence: 2 fullname: Çolak, Tuğba – sequence: 3 fullname: Gelgor, Ibrahim Erhan – sequence: 4 fullname: Tan, Enes – sequence: 5 fullname: Çelebi, Ahmet Arif |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23533362$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1093/ejo/cjq165 10.1016/j.ajodo.2004.06.006 10.1067/mod.2002.119573 10.1016/S0002-9416(68)90278-9 10.1067/mod.2000.104411 10.1016/j.ajodo.2007.03.018 10.1016/S0889-5406(94)70032-X 10.1093/ejo/cjn123 10.1016/S0889-5406(99)70234-9 10.1016/j.ajodo.2005.09.024 10.1016/S0889-5406(96)70047-1 10.1016/j.ijom.2010.09.011 10.1093/ejo/cjn082 10.5005/jcdp-4-2-60 10.1016/0278-2391(92)90152-P 10.1016/0002-9416(85)90131-9 10.1016/0278-2391(89)90120-1 10.1067/mod.2002.119780 10.1016/0002-9416(48)90015-3 10.1016/j.ajodo.2006.05.043 10.1016/j.ajodo.2006.01.020 10.1016/0002-9416(83)90144-6 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | Copyright © 2013 Ahmet Arif Celebi et al. COPYRIGHT 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Copyright © 2013 Ahmet Arif Celebi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Copyright © 2013 Ahmet Arif Celebi et al. 2013 |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: Copyright © 2013 Ahmet Arif Celebi et al. – notice: COPYRIGHT 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. – notice: Copyright © 2013 Ahmet Arif Celebi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 – notice: Copyright © 2013 Ahmet Arif Celebi et al. 2013 |
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| SubjectTerms | Adult Adults Cephalometry - methods Cephalometry - standards Clinical Study Comparative analysis Convexity Cultural differences Demographic aspects Diagnosis European Continental Ancestry Group Face - anatomy & histology Female Females Gender differences Humans Lip Male Males Malocclusion, Angle Class III Mandible Mandible - anatomy & histology Minority & ethnic groups Mouth diseases Norms Orthodontics Orthopedics Patients Population Prognathism Prognathism - physiopathology Reference Standards Sex Characteristics Sex Factors Species Specificity Studies Surgery Turkey Young Adult |
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| Title | Comparison of Soft Tissue Cephalometric Norms between Turkish and European-American Adults |
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