The Warburg Effect in Diabetic Kidney Disease

• Published in: Seminars in nephrology Vol. 38; no. 2; pp. 111 - 120
• Main Authors: Zhang, Guanshi, Darshi, Manjula, Sharma, Kumar
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01-03-2018
• Subjects: aerobic glycolysis; Animals; Carrier Proteins - metabolism; Diabetic kidney disease; Diabetic Nephropathies - metabolism; Fumarates - metabolism; Glycolysis; Humans; Membrane Proteins - metabolism; Metabolomics; mitochondrion; NADPH Oxidase 4 - metabolism; Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism; Sphingomyelins - metabolism; Systems Biology; the Warburg effect; Thyroid Hormone-Binding Proteins; Thyroid Hormones - metabolism; the Warburg effect; metabolomics; aerobic glycolysis; Diabetic kidney disease; mitochondrion
• ISSN: 0270-9295; 1558-4488
• DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2018.01.002

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Defining risk factors for DKD using a reductionist approach has proven challenging. Integrative omics-based systems biology tools have shed new insights in our understanding of DKD and have provided several key breakthroughs for identifying novel predictive and diagnostic biomarkers. In this review, we highlight the role of the Warburg effect in DKD and potential regulating factors such as sphingomyelin, fumarate, and pyruvate kinase muscle isozyme M2 in shifting glucose flux from complete oxidation in mitochondria to the glycolytic pathway and its principal branches. With the development of highly sensitive instruments and more advanced automatic bioinformatics tools, we believe that omics analyses and imaging techniques will focus more on singular-cell-level studies, which will allow in-depth understanding of DKD and pave the path for personalized kidney precision medicine.