The shapes of galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey

• Published in: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Vol. 388; no. 3; pp. 1321 - 1334
• Main Authors: Padilla, Nelson D., Strauss, Michael A.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 11-08-2008; Blackwell Science; Oxford University Press
• Subjects: Astronomy; Astrophysics; Dust; Earth, ocean, space; Exact sciences and technology; galaxies: fundamental parameters; galaxies: general; galaxies: structure; Luminosity; Stars & galaxies; Surveys; Surveys; galaxies: structure; galaxies: fundamental parameters; galaxies: general; Spiral shape; Elliptical galaxies; Color; Luminosity; Ellipticity; Galaxy structure; Correlations; Models; Optical thickness; Spiral galaxies; Compact galaxies; Ellipsoid; Sky surveys; Diameter
• ISSN: 0035-8711; 1365-2966
• DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13480.x

We determine the underlying shapes of spiral and elliptical galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 6 (SDSS DR6) from the observed distribution of projected galaxy shapes, taking into account the effects of dust extinction and reddening. We assume that the underlying shapes of spirals and ellipticals are well approximated by triaxial ellipsoids. The elliptical galaxy data are consistent with oblate spheroids, with a correlation between luminosity and ellipticity: the mean values of minor to middle axis ratios are 0.41 ± 0.03 for Mr≈−18 ellipticals and 0.76 ± 0.04 for Mr≈−22.5 ellipticals. Ellipticals show almost no dependence of axial ratio on galaxy colour, implying a negligible dust optical depth. There is a strong variation of spiral galaxy shapes with colour indicating the presence of dust. The intrinsic shapes of spiral galaxies in the SDSS DR6 are consistent with flat discs with a mean and dispersion of thickness to diameter ratio of (21 ± 2) per cent, and a face-on ellipticity, e, of ln(e) =−2.33 ± 0.79. Not including the effects of dust in the model leads to discs that are systematically rounder by up to 60 per cent. More luminous spiral galaxies tend to have thicker and rounder discs than lower luminosity spirals. Both elliptical and spiral galaxies tend to be rounder for larger galaxies. The marginalized value of the edge-on r-band dust extinction E0 in spiral galaxies is E0≃ 0.45 mag for galaxies of median colours, increasing to E0= 1 mag for g−r > 0.9 and E0= 1.9 for the luminous and most compact galaxies, with half-light radii <2 h−1 kpc.